The importance of geologists and geology in tsunami science and tsunami hazard
The importance of geologists and geology in tsunami science and tsunami hazard
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DOI：
10.1144/sp456.11
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发表时间：
2017-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Tappin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Tappin
直到20世纪80年代末，地质学对海啸的研究贡献很小，因为大多数海啸是由地震引起的，而地震主要是地震学家的研究领域。然而，在1987-88年，人们发现了海啸淹没土地时沉积的沉积物。随后，它们开始被广泛用于识别史前海啸事件，提供了比以前从历史记录中获得的更长期的记录。沉积物提供了一个机会，可以更好地确定海啸的频率，可以加强改进的风险评估。1998年，当超过2200人死于巴布亚新几内亚（PNG）的灾难性海啸时，海底山体滑坡被有争议地证明是其机制，海洋地质学家提供了领导，导致了这种以前未被认识到的危险的识别。2004年印度洋的灾难性海啸证实了沉积学研究在了解海啸方面的至关重要性。2011年，日本地震和海啸进一步证实了沉积物在减轻海啸灾害方面的重要性，以及海底沉积物失效在海啸生成中的危险。在这里，我们叙述了地质学参与海啸科学的历史，以及它在促进对海啸危害的程度、规模和性质的理解方面的重要性。
Abstract Up until the late 1980s geology contributed very little to the study of tsunamis because most were generated by earthquakes which were mainly the domain of seismologists. In 1987–88 however, sediments deposited as tsunamis flooded land were discovered. Subsequently they began to be widely used to identify prehistorical tsunami events, providing a longer-term record than previously available from historical accounts. The sediments offered an opportunity to better define tsunami frequency that could underpin improved risk assessment. When over 2200 people died from a catastrophic tsunami in Papua New Guinea (PNG) in 1998, and a submarine landslide was controversially proven to be the mechanism, marine geologists provided the leadership that led to the identification of this previously unrecognized danger. The catastrophic tsunami in the Indian Ocean in 2004 confirmed the critical importance of sedimentological research in understanding tsunamis. In 2011, the Japan earthquake and tsunami further confirmed the importance of both sediments in tsunami hazard mitigation and the dangers from seabed sediment failures in tsunami generation. Here we recount the history of geological involvement in tsunami science and its importance in advancing understanding of the extent, magnitude and nature of the hazard from tsunamis.