Influence of basin characteristics on the effectiveness and downstream reach of interbasin water transfers: displacing a problem
Influence of basin characteristics on the effectiveness and downstream reach of interbasin water transfers: displacing a problem
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124005
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Sun, Ge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Emanuel, Ryan E.;Buckley, John J.;Sun, Ge
跨流域调水是全球重要的水资源管理战略，但人们对其在区域和大陆尺度上的水文循环作用知之甚少。具体而言，缺乏关于转移地点和特征的集中信息，很少有分析将转移置于相关的水文背景下。我们评估了流域间转移（IBTs）在美国接壤的水文特征，使用全国范围内的库存转移与历史气候数据和水文模型。供应和接收流域有着相似的水文气候条件，这表明接收流域水资源短缺的气候驱动因素可能对供应流域产生类似的影响。这一结果令人质疑转让作为缓解气候驱动的水资源短缺战略的有效性，因为水资源短缺可能会被转移，但不会得到解决。我们还确定了水文有利和不利的IBTs通过比较供水和接收流域的水平衡。转移的幅度并没有改变这两个类别之间，确认驱动个别IBT的因素，如人类的水需求模式或工程的限制，也影响了大陆规模的分配转让。一些IBT影响下游数百公里的水流。转移的规模，水文气候和下游河流网络的组织调解下游的影响，这些影响有可能在干旱年份向下游非线性扩展。这项工作揭示了IBT的新的光，并强调需要更新的库存和分析，将IBT在适当的水文背景。
Interbasin water transfers are globally important water management strategies, yet little is known about their role in the hydrologic cycle at regional and continental scales. Specifically, there is a dearth of centralized information on transfer locations and characteristics, and few analyses place transfers into a relevant hydrological context. We assessed hydrological characteristics of interbasin transfers (IBTs) in the conterminous US using a nationwide inventory of transfers together with historical climate data and hydrological modeling. Supplying and receiving drainage basins share similar hydroclimatological conditions, suggesting that climatological drivers of water shortages in receiving basins likely have similar effects on supplying basins. This result calls into question the effectiveness of transfers as a strategy to mitigate climate-driven water shortages, as the water shortage may be displaced but not resolved. We also identified hydrologically advantageous and disadvantageous IBTs by comparing the water balances of supplying and receiving basins. Transfer magnitudes did not vary between the two categories, confirming that factors driving individual IBTs, such as patterns of human water demand or engineering constraints, also influence the continental-scale distribution of transfers. Some IBTs impact streamflow for hundreds of kilometers downstream. Transfer magnitude, hydroclimate and organization of downstream river networks mediate downstream impacts, and these impacts have the potential to expand downstream nonlinearly during years of drought. This work sheds new light on IBTs and emphasizes the need for updated inventories and analyses that place IBTs in an appropriate hydrological context.