Managing Minor Ailments; The Public's Preferences for Attributes of Community Pharmacies. A Discrete Choice Experiment.
Managing Minor Ailments; The Public's Preferences for Attributes of Community Pharmacies. A Discrete Choice Experiment.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0152257
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Watson V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Porteous T;Ryan M;Bond C;Watson M;Watson V
对保健服务的需求继续增加。更多地使用社区药房服务，而不是针对小病的医疗服务，可以帮助减轻高成本环境下医疗保健提供者的压力。社区药房是希望控制这些疾病的人公认的治疗和建议来源。然而，增加公众对药房服务的使用可能取决于药房及其工作人员的属性。本研究旨在确定一般公众的相对偏好社区药房属性使用离散选择实验（DCE）。一个英国范围内的一般公众的DCE调查进行了面对面的计算机辅助个人访谈。通过文献综述和社区药房客户队列研究了解DCE的属性和水平。实验的背景是一个描述流感样症状的小病场景。DCE选择集描述了两种假设的社区药房服务;受访者被要求选择他们更愿意帮助他们管理症状的两个药房中的哪一个（如果有的话）。使用误差成分logit模型分析了1，049次访谈的数据。支付意愿（WTP），一个货币衡量的好处，估计为不同的属性水平。在寻求流感样症状的帮助或治疗时，受访者最看重的是药房服务，这将提高他们对症状的理解和管理（WTP = 6.28英镑），由受过培训的工作人员提供（WTP（药剂师）= 2.63英镑：WTP（受过培训的助理）= 3.22英镑），友好和平易近人（WTP = 3.38英镑）。等候时间、药房位置和停车位的可用性也影响了受访者的偏好。包含属性和级别的最佳组合的服务的WTP计算为55.43英镑。社区药房及其工作人员的属性可能会影响人们决定他们将访问哪个药房以获得治疗和建议。根据公众的偏好，提供社区药房服务，帮助人们更好地了解和管理症状，由训练有素的工作人员迅速提供，他们友好且平易近人，并且在当地环境中易于停车，有可能增加那些寻求帮助管理小病的人的吸收。这样，就有可能转移对高成本保健服务的需求，并更有效地利用稀缺的公共资源。
Demand for health services continues to rise. Greater use of community pharmacy services instead of medical services for minor ailments could help relieve pressure on healthcare providers in high-cost settings. Community pharmacies are recognised sources of treatment and advice for people wishing to manage these ailments. However, increasing the public’s use of pharmacy services may depend on attributes of pharmacies and their staff. This study aimed to determine the general public’s relative preferences for community pharmacy attributes using a discrete choice experiment (DCE). A UK-wide DCE survey of the general public was conducted using face-to-face computer-assisted personal interviews. Attributes and levels for the DCE were informed by a literature review and a cohort study of community pharmacy customers. The context for the experiment was a minor ailment scenario describing flu-like symptoms. The DCE choice sets described two hypothetical community pharmacy services; respondents were asked to choose which (if either) of the two pharmacies they would prefer to help them manage symptoms. Data from 1,049 interviews were analysed using an error components logit model. Willingness to pay (WTP), a monetary measure of benefit, was estimated for the different attribute levels. When seeking help or treatment for flu-like symptoms, respondents most valued a pharmacy service that would improve their understanding and management of symptoms (WTP = £6.28), provided by staff who are trained (WTP (pharmacist) = £2.63: WTP(trained assistant) = £3.22), friendly and approachable (WTP = £3.38). Waiting time, pharmacy location and availability of parking also contributed to respondents’ preferences. WTP for a service comprising the best possible combination of attributes and levels was calculated as £55.43. Attributes of a community pharmacy and its staff may influence people’s decisions about which pharmacy they would visit to access treatment and advice for minor ailments. In line with the public’s preferences, offering community pharmacy services that help people to better understand and manage symptoms, are provided promptly by trained staff who are friendly and approachable, and in a local setting with easy access to parking, has the potential to increase uptake amongst those seeking help to manage minor ailments. In this way it may be possible to shift demand away from high-cost health services and make more efficient use of scarce public resources.