The RxLR effector Avh241 from Phytophthora sojae requires plasma membrane localization to induce plant cell death.
The RxLR effector Avh241 from Phytophthora sojae requires plasma membrane localization to induce plant cell death.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04241.x
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发表时间：
2012-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Xiaoli Yu;Junli Tang;Qunqing Wang;Wenwu Ye;K. Tao;Shuyi Duan;ChenChen Lu;Xinyu Yang;S. Dong-S.-Don
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文献类型：
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作者：
Xiaoli Yu;Junli Tang;Qunqing Wang;Wenwu Ye;K. Tao;Shuyi Duan;ChenChen Lu;Xinyu Yang;S. Dong-S.-Don
• 大豆疫霉基因组编码数百个RxLR效应子，预计可操纵各种植物防御反应，但所涉及的分子机制很大程度上未知。在这里，我们详细描述了 P. sojae RxLR 效应子 Avh241。 • 为了确定Avh241 的功能和定位，我们在不同植物上瞬时表达它。通过沉默酱油假单胞菌中的 Avh241，我们确定了其在感染过程中的毒力。通过辣椒疫霉对本氏烟草的促进感染作用的测定，我们进一步证实了这种毒力作用。 • Avh241 在几种不同的植物中诱导细胞死亡，并定位于植物质膜。 Avh241 内的 N 末端基序对于膜定位和细胞死亡诱导活性很重要。本塞姆氏烟草中 Avh241 触发细胞死亡需要两种丝裂原激活蛋白激酶 NbMEK2 和 NbWIPK。 Avh241 对于该病原体对大豆的全部毒力非常重要。 Avh241 还可以促进辣椒疫病菌的感染，并且不需要膜定位基序来促进感染。 • 这项工作表明Avh241 通过至少两种不同的机制与植物免疫系统相互作用，一种机制依赖于亚细胞定位被植物识别，另一种机制依赖于膜定位促进感染。
• The Phytophthora sojae genome encodes hundreds of RxLR effectors predicted to manipulate various plant defense responses, but the molecular mechanisms involved are largely unknown. Here we have characterized in detail the P. sojae RxLR effector Avh241. • To determine the function and localization of Avh241, we transiently expressed it on different plants. Silencing of Avh241 in P. sojae, we determined its virulence during infection. Through the assay of promoting infection by Phytophthora capsici to Nicotiana benthamiana, we further confirmed this virulence role. • Avh241 induced cell death in several different plants and localized to the plant plasma membrane. An N-terminal motif within Avh241 was important for membrane localization and cell death-inducing activity. Two mitogen-activated protein kinases, NbMEK2 and NbWIPK, were required for the cell death triggered by Avh241 in N. benthamiana. Avh241 was important for the pathogen's full virulence on soybean. Avh241 could also promote infection by P. capsici and the membrane localization motif was not required to promote infection. • This work suggests that Avh241 interacts with the plant immune system via at least two different mechanisms, one recognized by plants dependent on subcellular localization and one promoting infection independent on membrane localization.