Are finite‐amplitude effects important in non‐breaking mountain waves?

Are finite‐amplitude effects important in non‐breaking mountain waves?
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有限振幅效应对于非破碎山波很重要吗?

DOI:
10.1002/qj.4045
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
8.9
通讯作者:
Durran, Dale R.
Durran, Dale R.
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Metz, Johnathan J.;Durran, Dale R.

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线性理论长期以来一直被用来研究山波,并成功地描述了它们的大部分行为。在最简单的理论背景下,即具有恒定Brunt-Väisälä频率(N)和水平风速(U)的二维稳态流,在波浪破碎发生之前,有限振幅效应相对较小。然而,在更复杂的环境剖面中,显着的有限振幅效应发生在破波阈值以下。我们构建了一个完全非线性时变模型的线性化版本,从而便于在上游剖面代表典型真实的世界事件的情况下直接比较线性和有限振幅解。从最简单的配置文件,包括对流层顶,即恒定的上游风速和两层恒定的静态稳定的环境,我们逐步调查更复杂的配置文件,包括典型的中纬度西风带的垂直风切变。我们的结果表明,即使没有波浪破碎,有限振幅效应也可以在调制山波振幅和重力波阻力方面发挥重要作用。调制是对流层顶高度的函数,当跨脊气流随高度强烈增加时最为明显。
Linear theory has long been used to study mountain waves and has been successful in describing much of their behaviour. In the simplest theoretical context, that of two‐dimensional steady‐state flow with constant Brunt–Väisälä frequency (N) and horizontal wind speed (U), finite‐amplitude effects are relatively minor until wave breaking occurs. However, in more complex environmental profiles, significant finite‐amplitude effects occur below the wave‐breaking threshold. We constructed a linearized version of a fully nonlinear time‐dependent model, thereby facilitating direct comparisons between linear and finite‐amplitude solutions in cases with upstream profiles representative of typical real‐world events. Beginning with the simplest profile that includes a tropopause, namely an environment with constant upstream wind speed and two layers of constant static stability, we progressively investigate more complex profiles that include vertical wind shear typical of the midlatitude westerlies. Our results demonstrate that, even without wave breaking, finite‐amplitude effects can play an important role in modulating the mountain‐wave amplitude and gravity‐wave drag. The modulation is a function of the tropopause height and is most pronounced when the cross‐ridge flow increases strongly with height.
存在截留背风波时的线性山地阻力和平均伪动量通量剖面
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