Aliens in the Antipodes: Non-indigenous Marine Crustaceans of New Zealand and Australia
Aliens in the Antipodes: Non-indigenous Marine Crustaceans of New Zealand and Australia
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DOI：
10.1007/978-94-007-0591-3_16
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wilkens, Serena L.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Ahyong, Shane T.;Wilkens, Serena L.
新西兰和澳大利亚的欧洲殖民历史相对较短，可以追溯到两个多世纪以前。除此之外，该地区的第一个人类定居点可追溯到不到1,000年（新西兰）和40,000年（澳大利亚）。虽然外来物种无疑是随着第一批人类定居者的到来而到达的，但在过去的200年里，大部分外来海洋物种已经到达了澳大利亚海岸。相对于北方的主要人口中心，新西兰和澳大利亚在地理上处于孤立的位置，使该区域成为过去几个世纪欧洲探险者最后到达的区域之一。因此，澳大利亚和新西兰的海洋入侵历史相对较短。本研究调查了澳大利亚和新西兰对外来甲壳动物的认识现状。迄今为止，新西兰和澳大利亚沃茨分别记录了112种和41种外来或隐源海洋甲壳类物种，其中28种和38种已确定。此外，新西兰还记录了三种外来螯合物物种。这些人中的大多数可能是作为偷渡者在船体污垢和固体船舶压载物中到达的（在最早的日子里）。其他的则是作为压载水中的幼虫到达的，或者是故意引入的。虽然许多外来甲壳类动物对环境的影响仍然未知，但有些物种已成为重要的害虫。
New Zealand and Australia have a relatively short history of European colonisation, going back little more than two centuries. Otherwise, the first human settlement in the region dates back to less than 1,000 years (New Zealand) and 40,000 years (Australia). Although alien species no doubt arrived with the first human settlers, the bulk of marine species alien to Antipodean shores have arrived in the last 200 years. The geographically isolated positions of New Zealand and Australia, relative to major population centres in the northern hemisphere, has made the region one of the last to be reached by European exploration of past centuries. Thus, Australia and New Zealand have a relatively short history of marine invasion. This study surveys the current state of knowledge of alien Crustacea in the Antipodes. To date, 112 and 41 alien or cryptogenic marine crustacean species have been recorded from New Zealand and Australia waters, respectively, of which 28 and 38 are established. In addition, three alien chelicerate species have been recorded from New Zealand. The majority of these probably arrived as stowaways amongst hull fouling and solid ship ballast (in the earliest days). Others have arrived as larvae in ballast water or have been deliberately introduced. Whereas the environmental impact of many alien Crustacea remains unknown, some species have become important pests.