The fox and the cabra: an ERP analysis of reading code switched nouns and verbs in bilingual short stories.
The fox and the cabra: an ERP analysis of reading code switched nouns and verbs in bilingual short stories.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brainres.2014.02.009
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发表时间：
2014-04-04
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Wicha, Nicole Y. Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ng, Shukhan;Gonzalez, Christian;Wicha, Nicole Y. Y.
理解句子语境中的语言（或代码）转换触发2个电生理特征：早期左前负性后代码转换开始-LAN -随后是晚期正性成分（LPC）。词类和词的位置调节单语大脑中的词汇语义过程，例如，名词的N400幅度大于动词，句子中的前词大于后词。在这里，我们测试双语的大脑是否受到影响的词类和词的位置时，代码切换，或者如果切换的成本覆盖这些词汇语义和句子上下文因素。成年双语者阅读包含8个目标词的英语短篇小说。目标是名词或动词，发生在故事的早期或晚期，并在不同的故事版本中交替使用英语（非转换）或西班牙语（转换）。总的来说，开关的话引起了更大的LAN和LPC幅度比nonswitched字。名词的N400振幅大于动词，开关的N400振幅大于非开关的N400振幅，早期名词的N400振幅大于晚期名词的N400振幅，但早期动词的N400振幅不大于晚期动词的N400振幅。此外，早期LPC效应只观察到切换名词，而不是动词。总之，这表明指称成分（名词）可能比话语中的关系成分（动词）更难处理和整合，并且当转换时，名词会产生更高的整合成本。词的位置没有调节代码转换的效果，这意味着语言之间的切换可能会调用话语独立的过程。
Comprehending a language (or code) switch within a sentence context triggers 2 electrophysiological signatures: an early left anterior negativity post code switch onset – a LAN – followed by a Late Positive Component (LPC). Word class and word position modulate lexico-semantic processes in the monolingual brain, e.g., larger N400 amplitude for nouns than verbs and for earlier than later words in the sentence. Here we test whether the bilingual brain is affected by word class and word position when code switching, or if the cost of switching overrides these lexico-semantic and sentence context factors. Adult bilinguals read short stories in English containing 8 target words. Targets were nouns or verbs, occurred early or late in a story and were presented alternately in English (non-switch) or Spanish (switch) across different story versions. Overall, switched words elicited larger LAN and LPC amplitude than nonswitched words. The N400 amplitude was larger for nouns than verbs, more focal for switches than non-switches, and for early than late nouns but not for early than late verbs. Moreover, an early LPC effect was observed only for switched nouns, but not verbs. Together, this indicates that referential elements (nouns) may be harder to process and integrate than relational elements (verbs) in discourse, and when switched, nouns incur higher integration cost. Word position did not modulate the code switching effects, implying that switching between languages may invoke discourse independent processes.
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DOI：
10.1080/01690969308407585
发表时间：
1993-11-01
期刊：
LANGUAGE AND COGNITIVE PROCESSES
影响因子：
--
作者：
HAGOORT, P;BROWN, C;GROOTHUSEN, J
通讯作者：
GROOTHUSEN, J
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Ganis, G;Kutas, M;Sereno, MI
通讯作者：
Sereno, MI
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Burkhardt, Petra
通讯作者：
Burkhardt, Petra
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Gunter, TC;Friederici, AD;Schriefers, H
通讯作者：
Schriefers, H
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Anderson, JE;Holcomb, PJ
通讯作者：
Holcomb, PJ