Phase-sensitive radar as a tool for measuring firn compaction

Phase-sensitive radar as a tool for measuring firn compaction
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相敏雷达作为测量混凝土压实度的工具

DOI:
10.1017/jog.2021.83
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Case E
Case E
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Case E

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降雪压实模型提供了物质平衡估算和古气候重建的信息,但目前的模型引入了关键的不确定性。例如,关于密度和压实对堆积率的依赖关系,模型不一致。为了测试这些模型而观察到的压实情况很少,部分原因是现场测量冰川应变的方法既耗时又昂贵。此外,浅层测量可能会将压实引起的应变与冰盖流动引起的应变混淆。我们表明,相敏无线电回波测深仪(PRES)系统,通常用于测量陆架下部融化或冰盖变形,可用于测量降雪压实和测试降雪模型。我们提出了两种从PRES数据中提取压实信息的互补方法,以及一种将压实模型与PRES观测值进行比较的方法。这些方法对密度结构做出了不同的假设,并且它们对独立密度测量的需求也不同。从南极洲西部三个冰山上收集的PRES数据计算的压实剖面与测量的密度和基于物理的模型基本一致。凭借其最低限度的物流需求,新的PRES系统,如自主PRES,可以廉价地部署,以更广泛地监控降雪压实。现有的相敏雷达数据可能包含压缩信息,即使调查针对的是其他过程。
Firn compaction models inform mass-balance estimates and paleo-climate reconstructions, but current models introduce key uncertainties. For example, models disagree on the dependence of density and compaction on accumulation rate. Observations of compaction to test these models are rare, partly because in situ methods for measuring englacial strain are time-consuming and expensive. Moreover, shallow measurements may confound strain due to compaction with strain due to ice-sheet flow. We show that phase-sensitive radio-echo sounder (pRES) systems, typically deployed to measure sub-shelf melting or ice-sheet deformation, can be used to measure firn compaction and test firn models. We present two complementary methods for extracting compaction information from pRES data, along with a method for comparing compaction models to pRES observations. The methods make different assumptions about the density structure and vary in their need for independent density measurements. Compaction profiles computed from pRES data collected on three ice rises in West Antarctica are largely consistent with measured densities and a physics-based model. With their minimal logistic requirements, new pRES systems, such as autonomous pRES, could be inexpensively deployed to monitor firn compaction more widely. Existing phase-sensitive radar data may contain compaction information even when surveys targeted other processes.
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