Unskilled Migration: A Burden or a Boon for the Welfare State
Unskilled Migration: A Burden or a Boon for the Welfare State
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非技术移民：福利国家的负担还是福音
DOI：
10.1111/1467-9442.00210
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Sadka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Razin;E. Sadka
在一个静态的设置中，非熟练劳动力的迁移可能会受到整个本地出生人口的抵制，因为相对低收入的移民是财政制度的净受益者。然而，该文件表明，随着现收现付的养老金，福利国家的一个重要支柱，动态是这样的，移民有利于低收入和高收入群体，老年人和年轻人，只要经济有一个良好的进入世界资本市场。尽管移徙者是养恤金制度的净消费者，但这种总体收益仍然存在;他们给予养恤金制度的少于他们从养恤金制度中得到的，但是，当进入世界资本市场的机会受到限制时，动态模式中有利于移徙的特点就被削弱，并可能被推翻。在资本和劳动替代弹性较低的情况下，本地出生人口的收入可能受到显著影响，要素价格效应会使流动人口对福利国家的贡献或索取对本地出生人口的影响相形见绌。
In a static setup, migration of unskilled labor may be resisted by the entire native-born population because, being relatively low earners, migrants are net beneficiaries of the fiscal system. However, the paper shows that with a pay-as-you-go pension, an important pillar of the welfare state, the dynamics are such that migration is beneficial to low and high income groups and the old and the young, provided that the economy has a good access to the world capital markets. This overall gain holds even though the migrants are net consumers of the pension system; they give to it less than they take from it. The pro-migration feature of the dynamic model is however weakened and possibly overturned when access to the world capital market is limited. In the case of low elasticity of substitution between capital and labor, earnings of native-born may be significantly affected, and the factor price effects can dwarf the effects of the migrants' giving to or taking from the welfare state on the native-born population.