Air movement evokes electro-olfactogram oscillations in the olfactory epithelium and modulates olfactory processing in a slug
Air movement evokes electro-olfactogram oscillations in the olfactory epithelium and modulates olfactory processing in a slug
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.00323.2006
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Kirino, Yutaka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ito, Iori;Watanabe, Satoshi;Kirino, Yutaka
空气运动引起嗅觉上皮细胞的电嗅觉振荡，并调节鼻涕虫中的嗅觉处理。神经生理学杂志96：1939-1948,2006。2006年7月12日首次出版；DOI：10.1152/jn.00323.2006。在许多动物中，嗅觉系统中的神经元不仅对气味有反应，而且对空气运动也有反应。然而，气味刺激的机械动力学影响嗅觉处理的方式仍然知之甚少。利用从清洁空气到高浓度气体的一系列流量和气味浓度，系统地分析了空气流动和气味浓度对嗅觉处理的影响。我们在细胞外记录了陆栖鼻涕虫的嗅觉上皮(OE)和连接嗅觉信息的第一和第二中继中枢的触须神经(TN)的局部场电位和棘波单位。我们发现，在流速为0.18毫升/S(微风)的清洁空气，而不是高浓度的气味喷雾在较低的流速，诱发电嗅觉(EOG)振荡在一个恒定的频率(2.5赫兹)，而不是气味。手术分离的OE制剂也显示了这些EOG振荡，表明振荡独立于OE的下游电路。EOG振荡使较慢的自发TN振荡(1-2赫兹)变为固定节律(2.5赫兹)。自发单位和气味诱发单位被锁定在TN振荡峰上。这种由EOG振荡引起的TN振荡夹带导致了更强的锁相，特别是TN振荡峰和EOG振荡谷。综上所述，这些结果表明，当气味被微风吹走时，空气运动诱导了EOG振荡，并调制了嗅觉输出到利马克斯第二嗅觉中转中心的有节奏的尖峰模式。
Air movement evokes electro-olfactogram oscillations in the olfactory epithelium and modulates olfactory processing in a slug. J Neurophysiol 96: 1939-1948, 2006. First published July 12, 2006; doi:10.1152/jn.00323.2006. In many animals, neurons in the olfactory system have been shown to respond not only to odorants but also to air movements. However, the manner in which the mechanical dynamics of odor stimulation affect olfactory processing remains poorly understood. Using a series of flow rates and odor concentrations from clean air to high-concentration vapors, we systematically analyzed the effects of air movement and odor concentration on olfactory processing. We extracellularly recorded local field potentials and spike units from the olfactory epithelium (OE) and tentacular nerve (TN), which connects the first and second relay centers of olfactory information, in the terrestrial slug Limax marginatus. We found that clean air puffs at a flow rate of 0.18 ml/s (gentle wind), but not high-concentration odor puffs at lower flow rates, induced electro-olfactogram (EOG) oscillations in the OE with a constant frequency (2.5 Hz), regardless of the odor. Surgically isolated OE preparations also showed these EOG oscillations, indicating that the oscillations arose from the OE independently of the downstream circuits. The EOG oscillations entrained the slower spontaneous TN oscillations (1-2 Hz) to the fixed rhythm (2.5 Hz). Spontaneous and odor-evoked units were phase-locked to the TN oscillation peaks. This TN oscillation entrainment by the EOG oscillations caused stronger phase-locking, specifically TN oscillation peaks and EOG oscillation troughs. Taken together, these results suggest that when odors are carried by a gentle wind, the air movement induces EOG oscillations and modulates rhythmic spike patterning of olfactory outputs to the second olfactory relay center in Limax.