Dietary resource overlap among three species of frugivorous bat in Costa Rica
Dietary resource overlap among three species of frugivorous bat in Costa Rica
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DOI：
10.1017/s0266467419000129
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Whitehead, Susan R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maynard, Lauren D.;Ananda, Ariana;Whitehead, Susan R.
热带森林生物多样性的维持被认为有赖于允许物种共存的生态位划分的精细机制。这项研究调查了三种共存于哥斯达黎加低地热带森林地点的短尾果蝠(Carollia Castanea，C.perspicillata，C.sowelli)是否通过对胡椒属物种的食物专门化来避免种间和种内的竞争。首先，利用粪便样本(N=210)分析食物组成，得出三个主要发现：(1)蝙蝠种类和性别不同，对胡椒果实的总体依赖程度不同，在栗树(98.2%)和雌性(91.5%)的饲料中检测到较高比例的胡椒种子；(2)成虫和幼虫按栖息地划分胡椒物种，在成虫中发现中后期胡椒物种的比例较低(20.8%)；(3)总体上，三种卡罗利亚之间及其内部存在强烈的食物重叠。其次，对个体蝙蝠(N=123)进行了对照选择实验，以考察它们对不同种类的笛蝠的喜好。这些结果表明，基于蝙蝠种类、性别、年龄段或生殖状况的风笛手偏好几乎没有差异，这表明偏好不是形成所观察到的食物组成差异的主要机制。总体而言，食物组成和喜好的相似性表明，这三个卡罗利亚物种之间和内部都存在着对食物资源的激烈竞争。
The maintenance of biodiversity in tropical forests is thought to be dependent on fine-scale mechanisms of niche partitioning that allow species to coexist. This study examined whether three species of short-tailed fruit bat that co-occur at a lowland tropical forest site in Costa Rica (Carollia castanea, C. perspicillata, C. sowelli) avoid inter- and intraspecific competition through dietary specialization on species in the genus Piper. First, dietary composition was examined using faecal samples (N = 210), which yielded three main findings: (1) bat species and sexes vary in overall reliance on fruits of Piper, with a higher percentage of seeds of Piper detected in the diets of C. castanea (98.2%) and females (91.5%); (2) adults and juveniles partition species of Piper by habitat, with a lower percentage of mid- to late-successional species of Piper detected in adults (20.8%); and (3) overall, there is a strong dietary overlap among and within the three species of Carollia. Second, controlled choice experiments were conducted with individual bats (N = 123) to examine preferences for different species of Piper. These results indicated few differences in Piper preference based on bat species, sex, age class or reproductive status, suggesting preference is not the primary mechanism shaping the observed differences in dietary composition. Overall, the dietary composition and preference similarities suggest there is strong competition both among and within the three species of Carollia for food resources.