Levers and leverage points for pathways to sustainability
Levers and leverage points for pathways to sustainability
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DOI：
10.1002/pan3.10124
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发表时间：
2020-09-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Brondizio, Eduardo S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chan, Kai M. A.;Boyd, David R.;Brondizio, Eduardo S.
人类正走在一条非常不可持续的轨道上。我们正在超越地球的极限，不太可能实现许多国际可持续发展目标和全球环境目标。直到最近，还没有一个得到广泛接受的干预框架，可以引发实现这些预期目标和指标所需的变革。作为政府间科学政策平台全球评估的一个组成部分，我们开展了一个反复的专家审议进程，广泛审查了实现可持续性的设想方案和途径，包括关于间接驱动因素、社会变革和可持续性转型的更广泛文献。我们问，可持续发展道路上最重要的要素是什么？我们从社会生态系统的透镜出发，确定了八个优先干预点（杠杆点）和五个总体战略行动和优先干预措施（杠杆），这些似乎是社会转型的关键。八个杠杆点是：（1）美好生活的愿景，（2）总消费和浪费，（3）责任的潜在价值，（4）不平等，（5）保护中的正义和包容，（6）贸易和其他电信联接的外部性，（7）负责任的技术，创新和投资，（8）教育和知识的产生和共享。这五个相互交织的杠杆可以应用于八个杠杆点，甚至更广泛。其中包括：（A）激励措施和能力建设，（B）跨部门和管辖范围的协调，（C）先发制人的行动，（D）适应性决策，（E）环境法和执行。杠杆和杠杆点都是不可替代的，每一个都能使其他人受益，可能产生协同效益。走向可持续发展道路的转型变革需要的不仅仅是简单地扩大可持续发展倡议的规模，它需要解决这些杠杆和杠杆点，以改变法律的、政治、经济和其他社会制度的结构。这些杠杆和杠杆点建立在全球评估决策者摘要中批准的杠杆和杠杆点之上，目的是使政府、企业、民间社会和学术界，以激发变革性的变化，走向一个更加公正和可持续的世界。一个免费的简明语言摘要可以在本文的支持信息中找到。文章.
Humanity is on a deeply unsustainable trajectory. We are exceeding planetary boundaries and unlikely to meet many international sustainable development goals and global environmental targets. Until recently, there was no broadly accepted framework of interventions that could ignite the transformations needed to achieve these desired targets and goals. As a component of the IPBES Global Assessment, we conducted an iterative expert deliberation process with an extensive review of scenarios and pathways to sustainability, including the broader literature on indirect drivers, social change and sustainability transformation. We asked, what are the most important elements of pathways to sustainability? Applying a social-ecological systems lens, we identified eight priority points for intervention (leverage points) and five overarching strategic actions and priority interventions (levers), which appear to be key to societal transformation. The eight leverage points are: (1) Visions of a good life, (2) Total consumption and waste, (3) Latent values of responsibility, (4) Inequalities, (5) Justice and inclusion in conservation, (6) Externalities from trade and other telecouplings, (7) Responsible technology, innovation and investment, and (8) Education and knowledge generation and sharing. The five intertwined levers can be applied across the eight leverage points and more broadly. These include: (A) Incentives and capacity building, (B) Coordination across sectors and jurisdictions, (C) Pre-emptive action, (D) Adaptive decision-making and (E) Environmental law and implementation. The levers and leverage points are all non-substitutable, and each enables others, likely leading to synergistic benefits. Transformative change towards sustainable pathways requires more than a simple scaling-up of sustainability initiatives-it entails addressing these levers and leverage points to change the fabric of legal, political, economic and other social systems. These levers and leverage points build upon those approved within the Global Assessment's Summary for Policymakers, with the aim of enabling leaders in government, business, civil society and academia to spark transformative changes towards a more just and sustainable world.A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.