Decoupling practical and legal compliance: Analysis of member states’ implementation of EU policy
Decoupling practical and legal compliance: Analysis of member states’ implementation of EU policy
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实践与法律合规脱钩：成员国执行欧盟政策的分析
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Schrama
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Asya Zhelyazkova;Can Kaya;R. Schrama
尽管有大量关于政策执行的文献，但侧重于执行者在不同政策问题上的绩效的系统性跨国研究仍处于起步阶段。欧盟的政策有利于在比较的背景下审查这种关系，因为欧盟成员国需要在法律和实践中执行欧盟的各项指令。在这项研究中，第一次尝试分析法律的一致性和实际执行之间的关系，并在27个成员国的实际偏差的条件，从四个政策领域（内部市场，环境，司法和内政和社会政策）的问题。按照现有的方法，欧盟的遵守，预计国内政治精英（“执法”）的政策偏好影响他们的激励措施，“脱钩”实际从法律的遵守。相反，行政和体制能力（“管理”）和社会制约因素（“合法性”）很可能限制决策者对执行进程施加控制的能力。调查结果表明，实际偏差的产生是因为决策者无法引导执行进程，而不管他们是否倾向于国际商定的政策。这些结果对在国内环境中有效应用国际规则具有重要意义，因为它们表明，对执行“外部”政策的政治支持并不能确保在实践中的有效执行。
Despite the vast literature on policy implementation, systematic cross-national research focusing on implementers’ performance regarding different policy issues is still in its infancy. The European Union policies are conducive to examining this relationship in a comparative setting, as the EU member states need to implement various EU directives both legally and in practice. In this study, a first attempt is made to analyse the relationship between legal conformity and practical implementation and the conditions for practical deviations in 27 member states across issues from four policy areas (Internal Market, Environment, Justice and Home Affairs and Social Policy). In line with existing approaches to EU compliance, it is expected that the policy preferences of domestic political elites (‘enforcement’) affect their incentives to ‘decouple’ practical from legal compliance. Instead, administrative and institutional capacities (‘management’) and societal constraints (‘legitimacy’) are likely to limit the ability of policy makers to exert control over the implementation process. The findings suggest that practical deviations arise from policy makers’ inability to steer the implementation process, regardless of their predispositions towards internationally agreed policies. The results have strong implications for the effective application of international rules in domestic settings, as they illustrate that political support for the implementation of ‘external’ policy does not ensure effective implementation in practice.