Amblyomma variegatum Ticks and Heartwater on Three Caribbean Islands
Amblyomma variegatum Ticks and Heartwater on Three Caribbean Islands
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加勒比海三个岛屿上的花斑钝眼蜱蜱和心水
DOI：
10.1196/annals.1428.081
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
T. Lefrançois
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Vachiéry;H. Jeffery;R. Pegram;R. Aprelon;V. Pinarello;R. Kandassamy;Modestine Raliniaina;S. Molia;H. Savage;R. Alexander;Mathieu Frebling;D. Martinez;T. Lefrançois
2003年至2005年期间，在加勒比群岛瓜德罗普、玛丽-加兰特和安提瓜研究了杂色钝眼蜱蜱侵染、反刍埃里希体（ER）蜱感染和ER遗传多样性。pCS 20的巢式PCR用于检测ER，而ER菌株通过测序或map-1 PCR产物的限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）图谱进行表征。2003年，瓜德罗普蜱虫感染牛群的患病率为35.6%。在玛丽-加兰特，2003年和2005年分别有79.1%和73.8%的牛群受到感染，而在安提瓜，同一时期平均只有2.2%的牛群受到感染。在玛丽-加兰特，19.1%的蜱为ER阳性，在33.3%的牛群中发现了ER感染的蜱。在安提瓜，只有5.8%的蜱虫为ER阳性。高ER蜱感染率与非常高的蜱感染水平相结合，突出了玛丽-加兰特和瓜德罗普的心水风险高于安提瓜。这三个岛屿仍然是加勒比海蜱虫和心水的水库。确定了9种不同的非洲和加勒比图谱-1 ER基因型。即使在限制区域也观察到这种多样性，并且在所有三个岛屿上观察到相同的图1基因型。ER菌株的这种高遗传多样性表明，有几个菌株从非洲国家同时引入加勒比地区。
Amblyomma variegatum tick infestation, tick infection by Ehrlichia ruminantium (ER), and ER genetic diversity were studied in the Caribbean Islands of Guadeloupe, Marie‐Galante, and Antigua between 2003 and 2005. Nested PCR for pCS20 was used to detect ER, while ER strains were characterized by sequencing or by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles of map‐1 PCR products. In 2003 in Guadeloupe, the prevalence of tick‐infested herds was 35.6%. In Marie‐Galante 79.1% of herds in 2003 and 73.8% in 2005 were infested, while only an average of 2.2% of the herds were infected in Antigua between this same period. In Marie‐Galante, 19.1% of ticks were ER positive, and ER‐infected ticks were found in 33.3% of the herds. In Antigua only 5.8% of the ticks were ER positive. High ER tick infection rate combined with a very high level of tick infestation highlight the risk of heartwater in Marie‐Galante and Guadeloupe more than in Antigua. The three islands still represent a reservoir for tick and heartwater in the Caribbean. Nine different African and Caribbean map‐1 ER genotypes were identified. This diversity was observed even in restricted areas, and identical map‐1 genotypes were observed on all three islands. This high genetic diversity of ER strains suggests that there was a simultaneous introduction of several strains from African countries into the Caribbean region.