Challenges for offshore transport of anthropogenic carbon dioxide
Challenges for offshore transport of anthropogenic carbon dioxide
复制标题
DOI：
10.1115/omae2007-29720
复制
发表时间：
2007-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Race;Patricia N. Seevam;M. Downie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Race;Patricia N. Seevam;M. Downie
碳捕集与封存（CCS）在减少二氧化碳排放和应对气候变化方面发挥着重要作用。在CCS计划中，二氧化碳从人为来源捕获，并运输到合适的地点进行EOR（提高石油采收率）或储存。在全球范围内，二氧化碳的最大来源是发电，因此英国最初提出的CCS项目来自发电厂。从发电站捕获二氧化碳有多种技术，但是捕获的二氧化碳可能含有大量的杂质。CO2流中杂质的存在会影响管道输送的要求，并会改变混合物的流动特性、减压特性和水的溶解度等因素。虽然通过管道输送二氧化碳并不是一项新技术，并且在美国已经实施了30多年，但这些杂质的影响尚未完全了解。英国在北海和爱尔兰海拥有天然的二氧化碳汇，既可以用于提高采收率，也可以用于储存。因此，CCS在英国的实施将涉及将人为排放的二氧化碳从发电站输送到近海碳汇。目前所有的二氧化碳管道运输都是在陆地上进行的，主要来自接近纯天然的来源，因此这也是一个新的挑战。这份最新的评论文件将：•讨论二氧化碳从发电厂运输的关键技术因素，包括杂质对管道设计和运行的影响；•比较和对比目前的二氧化碳陆上运输经验与拟议的英国陆上和海上运输，并确定技术和监管挑战；•展示初步建模工作的结果，以证明关键变量对英国二氧化碳运输系统发展的影响。ASME版权所有©2007
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is recognised as having a significant role to play in reducing carbon dioxide emissions and tackling climate change. In CCS schemes, carbon dioxide is captured from anthropogenic sources and transported to suitable sites either for EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) or storage. Globally, the largest source of CO2 is from power generation, therefore the initial projects proposed for CCS in the UK are from power plant. There are various technologies for capturing CO2 from power stations, however the captured CO2 can contain significant amounts of impurities. The presence of the impurities in the CO2 stream has an effect on the requirements for pipeline transportation and can change such factors as the flow properties, the decompression characteristics and the solubility of water in the mixture. Although transport of CO2 by pipeline is not new technology, and has been implemented in the USA for over 30 years, the effect of these impurities is not fully understood. The UK is in the advantageous position of having natural sinks for CO2 available offshore in the North and Irish Sea, which can be used for either EOR or storage. Therefore CCS implementation in the UK will involve transport of anthropogenic carbon dioxide from power stations to offshore sinks. All of the current experience with CO2 pipeline transport has been onshore, predominantly from near pure natural sources and therefore this is also a new challenge. This state-of the-art review paper will: • discuss the key technical factors presented by the transport of CO2 from power plant, including the effects of impurities on the design and operation of pipelines, • compare and contrast the current experience of transporting CO2 onshore with the proposed transport onshore and offshore in the UK and identify the technical and regulatory challenges, • present the results of initial modelling work to demonstrate the effects of the key variables on the development of a CO2 transport system in the UK.Copyright © 2007 by ASME