The Geography of Gender Inequality
The Geography of Gender Inequality
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0145778
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Naidoo, Robin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fisher, Brendan;Naidoo, Robin
减少性别不平等是世界范围内的一个主要政策问题，也是可持续发展目标之一。然而，我们对两性不平等的程度和空间分布的了解，要么来自规模有限的个案研究，要么来自国家一级的统计数据。在这里，我们通过分析47个国家的689，000多个家庭，制作了第一张高分辨率的性别不平等地图。在这些国家中，我们发现男性户主家庭的资产财富平均比女性户主家庭多13%，农业用地平均多303%。然而，这一全球总体结果掩盖了高度的空间异质性，在世界各国和各区域，高度不平等和高度平等的地带都很明显。此外，以土地所有权衡量的不平等程度最高的地区通常与以资产财富衡量的不平等程度最高的地区不同。我们对土地和财富方面的性别不平等的衡量标准与现有的贫困、发展和收入不平等的衡量标准没有很强的相关性，因此提供了新的信息，以提高对地球仪贫困的一个关键层面的理解。
Reducing gender inequality is a major policy concern worldwide, and one of the Sustainable Development Goals. However, our understanding of the magnitude and spatial distribution of gender inequality results either from limited-scale case studies or from national-level statistics. Here, we produce the first high resolution map of gender inequality by analyzing over 689,000 households in 47 countries. Across these countries, we find that male-headed households have, on average, 13% more asset wealth and 303% more land for agriculture than do female-headed households. However, this aggregate global result masks a high degree of spatial heterogeneity, with bands of both high inequality and high equality apparent in countries and regions of the world. Further, areas where inequality is highest when measured by land ownership generally are not the same areas that have high inequality as measured by asset wealth. Our metrics of gender inequality in land and wealth are not strongly correlated with existing metrics of poverty, development, and income inequality, and therefore provide new information to increase the understanding of one critical dimension of poverty across the globe.