AS TIME GOES BY - CHILDRENS EARLY UNDERSTANDING OF GROWTH IN ANIMALS
AS TIME GOES BY - CHILDRENS EARLY UNDERSTANDING OF GROWTH IN ANIMALS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01607.x
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发表时间：
1991-12-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
MCCORMICK, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ROSENGREN, KS;GELMAN, SA;MCCORMICK, M
在4个实验中，对3至6岁的儿童进行了关于自然发生的转变的信念的检查。实验1测试了孩子们对动物（而不是文物）随着时间的推移会变得更大的理解。实验1a检验了在第一个实验中获得的结果是否可以归因于在伪影任务中添加的记忆成分。实验2进一步研究了关于文物老化的信念。在实验3中，研究了动物的颜色和形状（变态）变化。在所有年龄段，孩子们似乎都明白动物会随着年龄的增长而变大，而不是变小。虽然年龄较大的儿童和成年人允许动物的大小和形状在生命周期中发生相当大的变化，如果替代方案涉及随着年龄的增长而减少大小，学龄前儿童不太愿意接受这些变化。总而言之，这些研究的结果表明，即使是学龄前儿童也对自然转变有两种概念性见解：它们是合法的和非随机的，它们是特定于领域和机制的。此外，3岁的儿童能够超越动物的感知外观，对生长引起的变化做出判断。儿童的个人和物种身份的理解的影响进行了讨论。
Beliefs about naturally occurring transformations were examined in children aged 3 to 6 years in 4 experiments. Experiment 1 tested children's understanding that animals (but not artifacts) predictably get larger over time. Experiment 1a examined whether the results obtained in the first experiment could be attributed to an added memory component on the artifact task. Experiment 2 further examined beliefs about the aging of artifacts. In Experiment 3, color and shape (metamorphosis) changes of animals were investigated. At all ages, children appeared to understand that animals get larger and not smaller with age. While older children and adults allowed for rather dramatic changes in the size and shape of animals over the life span if the alternative involved decreasing in size with age, preschool children were less willing to accept these changes. Taken together, the results of these studies suggest that even young preschool children have 2 conceptual insights about natural transformations: that they are lawful and nonrandom, and that they are domain and mechanism specific. Further, children as young as age 3 are able to go beyond the perceptual appearance of animals in making judgments about transformations caused by growth. Implications for children's understanding of personal and species identity are discussed.