POSTCRANIAL MORPHOLOGY, FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATIONS AND PALAEOBIOLOGY OF CALLISTOE VINCEI, A PREDACEOUS METATHERIAN FROM THE EOCENE OF SALTA, NORTH-WESTERN ARGENTINA
POSTCRANIAL MORPHOLOGY, FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATIONS AND PALAEOBIOLOGY OF CALLISTOE VINCEI, A PREDACEOUS METATHERIAN FROM THE EOCENE OF SALTA, NORTH-WESTERN ARGENTINA
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01036.x
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Babot, Judith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Argot, Christine;Babot, Judith
Callistoe vincei Babot et al., 2002 是一种古近纪斑鬣狗，从异常完整的颅后元素中得知，它提供了有关南美新生代后兽类捕食者的解剖学和进化史的罕见信息。 Callistoe 的轴向骨骼的特点是颈椎独特的横突，强调横向而不是矢状牵引。没有锁骨，胸腰椎有十八块，其中腰椎只有五块。肩关节和肘关节表明运动仅限于矢状旁屈曲/伸展，这与主要的陆地运动一致，Borhyaena tuberata 和 Lycopsis longirostrus 也强调了这一点。在手上，指骨没有减少，趾骨显示出非常长的爪子，类似于在一些现存的挖掘类群中观察到的爪子。这一特征是斑鬣狗中 C. vincei 所独有的。膝关节的特点是存在骨化的髌骨，但股骨滑车较浅。这个关节表明该腿几乎处于矢状旁，这也是博哈耶纳的推断位置。与所有中新世-上新世的斑鬣狗一样，黄芪的形状与矢状旁屈曲/伸展一致。与手掌相比，后足的爪子减少，第一趾和第五趾纤细，这是文氏 C. vincei 的另一个特点。卡利斯托的栖息地是一片温带湿润森林，根据已知的化石记录，卡利斯托是当时最大的哺乳动物捕食者，与鳄鱼共享捕食者生态位。
Callistoe vincei Babot et al., 2002 is a Paleogene borhyaenoid known from exceptionally complete postcranial elements, which provides rare information about the anatomy and evolutionary history of metatherian predators during the South American Cenozoic. The axial skeleton of Callistoe is characterized by the peculiar transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae emphasizing lateral instead of sagittal traction. There is no clavicle and eighteen thoracolumbar vertebrae, of which only five are lumbars. The shoulder and elbow joints suggest movements restricted to parasagittal flexion/extension that are consistent with primarily terrestrial locomotion, as is also emphasized in Borhyaena tuberata and Lycopsis longirostrus. On the manus, the pollex is not reduced and the ungual phalanges indicate very long claws, similar to those observed in some extant digging taxa. This feature is unique to C. vincei among borhyaenoids. The knee joint is characterized by the presence of ossified patellae but shallow femoral trochleae. This joint suggests that the leg was nearly parasagittal, a position also inferred for Borhyaena. The astragalus shape is consistent with parasagittal flexion/extension, as in all Miocene-Pliocene borhyaenoids. The hind foot is characterized by reduced claws in comparison with the manus as well as the slenderness of the first and fifth digits, another peculiarity of C. vincei. The habitat of Callistoe was a temperate humid forest and according to the known fossil record, Callistoe was the largest mammalian predator of its time, sharing the predator ecological niche with crocodiles.