Expression of type 2 cystatin genes CST1-CST5 in adult human tissues and the developing submandibular gland
Expression of type 2 cystatin genes CST1-CST5 in adult human tissues and the developing submandibular gland
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DOI：
10.1089/10445490252810311
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Hicks, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dickinson, DP;Thiesse, M;Hicks, MJ
2型半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂包括一类半胱氨酸肽酶抑制剂，推测其介导包括口腔在内的各种部位的保护功能。七个半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因聚集在人20p11.2的300 kb区域内。由CST1、CST2、CST4和CST5编码的“唾液”半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂以显著水平存在于唾液中，但也已报道存在于其他分泌物中，如眼泪，这表明在它们的进化过程中，这些基因获得了指导差异组织特异性表达的机制。然而，它们的表达模式，这也可能提供额外的线索，他们的个人功能，尚未确定。基因特异性RNA酶保护试验被用来检查这七个基因的表达的定性和定量分布在23个成年人组织的集合。编码胱抑素C的CST3基因在所有检查的组织中均以适度水平表达。假定假基因CSTP 1和CSTP 2在任何组织中均未以可检测的水平表达。CST1，2，4和5基因表达差异，组织特异性模式。CST2和CST5的表达仅限于下颌下腺和腮腺，而CST1和CST4在这些组织和泪腺中表达。免疫组织化学研究定位表达的浆液型分泌的结束。在胆囊和精囊上皮中也观察到CST1和CST4的共表达。在气管腺中检测到CSTI产物，在肾脏和前列腺中检测到CST4。尽管其不同的成人模式的表达，分析CST1，2，4，和5的mRNA水平在婴儿下颌下腺表现出协调上调的表达之间的3.5和9个月的年龄。半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因表达的模式与唾液半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的几种拟议的口服功能一致，但也表明它们在其他位置也很重要，尽管它们的序列相似性很高，但它们是单独专门化的。
Type 2 cystatins comprise a class of cysteine peptidase inhibitor presumed to mediate protective functions at various locations, including the oral cavity. Seven cystatin genes are clustered within a 300-kb region of human 20p11.2. "Salivary" cystatins, encoded by CST1, 2, 4, and 5, are present in saliva at significant levels but have also been reported in other secretions, such as tears, suggesting that during their evolution, these genes have acquired mechanisms directing differential tissue-specific expression. However, their patterns of expression, which might also provide additional clues to their individual functions, have not been determined. Gene-specific RNase protection assays were used to examine the qualitative and quantitative distribution of expression of these seven genes within a collection of 23 adult human tissues. The CST3 gene, encoding cystatin C, was expressed at modest levels in all tissues examined. The presumptive pseudogenes CSTP1 and CSTP2 were not expressed at detectable levels in any tissue. The CST1, 2, 4, and 5 genes were expressed in differential, tissue-specific patterns. Expression of CST2 and CST5 was restricted to the submandibular and parotid glands, while CST1 and CST4 were expressed in these tissues and in the lacrimal gland. Immunohistochemistry studies localized expression to the serous-type secretory end pieces. Coexpression of CST1 and CST4 was also observed in the epithelial lining of the gallbladder and seminal vesicle. The CSTI product was detected in the tracheal glands and CST4 in the kidney and prostate. Despite their different adult patterns of expression, analysis of CST1, 2, 4, and 5 mRNA levels in infant submandibular glands demonstrated a coordinate upregulation of expression of between 3.5 and 9 months of age. The patterns of cystatin gene expression are consistent with several proposed oral functions of the salivary cystatins but also suggest they are important in other locations and that, despite their close sequence similarity, they are individually specialized.