What Did You Do Yesterday? A Meta-Analysis of Sex Differences in Episodic Memory
What Did You Do Yesterday? A Meta-Analysis of Sex Differences in Episodic Memory
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DOI：
10.1037/bul0000197
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
Herlitz, Agneta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Asperholm, Martin;Hogman, Nadja;Herlitz, Agneta
记住一个人昨天做了什么是日常情景记忆任务的一个例子，在这个任务中，有时会报告女性的优势。在这里，我们量化的情节记忆性能的性别的影响，并调查是否修改的研究，任务和样本特定的主持人的性别差异的大小。分析基于1973年至2013年期间进行的617项研究，共有1，233，921名参与者。一项5水平随机效应荟萃分析显示，女性在情景记忆方面具有总体优势（g = 0.19，95% CI [0.17，0.21]）。要记住的材料影响了这种优势的大小，女性在更多的语言任务中具有优势，如单词，句子和散文（g = 0.28，95% CI [0.25，0.30]）、可命名图像（g = 0.16，95% CI [0.11，0.22]）和位置（g = 0.16，95% CI [0.11，0.21]）。男性在更多空间任务中具有优势，如抽象图像（g =-0.20，95%CI [-0.35，-0.05]）和路线（g =-0.24，95%CI（-0.35，-0.12]）。此外，对于那些不容易沿着语言-空间连续体放置的材料，如面部（g = 0.26，95% CI [0.20，0.33]）和气味，味道和颜色（g = 0.37，95% CI [0.18，0.55]），女性具有优势。这些差异自1973年以来一直保持稳定。对于言语情景记忆任务，欧洲、北美、大洋洲的差异较大。在南美洲，比在亚洲，在儿童和老年比其他年龄较小。加在一起。结果表明，男性可能会在空间要求较高的情景记忆任务中利用他们的空间优势，而女性在可言语表达的情景记忆任务和既不是言语也不是空间的任务中表现出色，例如记住面孔和气味/味道/颜色。
To remember what one did yesterday is an example of an everyday episodic memory task, in which a female advantage has sometimes been reported. Here, we quantify the impact of sex on episodic memory performance and investigate whether the magnitude of the sex difference is modified by study-, task-, and sample-specific moderators. Analyses were based on 617 studies conducted between 1973 and 2013 with 1,233,921 participants. A 5-level random-effects meta-analysis showed an overall female advantage in episodic memory (g = 0.19, 95% CI [0.17, 0.21]). The material to be remembered affected the magnitude of this advantage, with a female advantage for more verbal tasks, such as words, sentences, and prose (g = 0.28, 95% CI [0.25, 0.30]), nameable images (g = 0.16, 95% CI [0.11, 0.22]), and locations (g = 0.16, 95% CI [0.11, 0.21]). and a male advantage in more spatial tasks, such as abstract images (g = -0.20, 95% CI [-0.35, -0.05]) and routes (g = -0.24, 95% CI (-0.35, -0.12]). Furthermore, there was a female advantage for materials that cannot easily be placed along the verbal-spatial continuum, such as faces (g = 0.26, 95% CI [0.20, 0.33]), and odor, taste, and color (g = 0.37, 95% CI [0.18, 0.55]). These differences have remained stable since 1973. For verbal episodic memory tasks, differences were larger in Europe, North America, Oceania. and South America than in Asia, and smaller in childhood and old age than for other ages. Taken together. results suggest that men may use their spatial advantage in spatially demanding episodic memory tasks, whereas women do well in episodic memory tasks that are verbalizable and tasks that are neither verbal nor spatial, such as remembering faces and odors/tastes/colors.