Heightened fearfulness in infants is not adaptive.
Heightened fearfulness in infants is not adaptive.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0140525x2200187x
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发表时间：
2023-05-08
影响因子：
29.3
通讯作者：
LoBue, Vanessa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ogren, Marissa;Barrett, Lisa Feldman;Hoemann, Katie;LoBue, Vanessa
格罗斯曼提出了“恐惧猿假说”，认为早期生活中恐惧感的增强是进化适应性的。我们质疑这一说法，证据表明：（1）儿童的恐惧感与消极的长期结果有关，而不是积极的长期结果;（2）照顾者对所有情感行为都有反应，而不仅仅是那些被认为是恐惧的行为;（3）照顾者的反应有助于减少感知的恐惧。作为情感科学家，我们赞赏目标文章关注情感如何在早期社会发展中出现，以及如何受到社会功能（包括合作）的影响。然而，当通过已发表的经验证据的透镜来观察时，文章的基本前提应该受到质疑，这些经验证据在文章对幼儿恐惧的讨论中被低估，忽视或误解。
Grossmann proposes the “fearful ape hypothesis”, suggesting that heightened fearfulness in early life is evolutionarily adaptive. We question this claim with evidence that (1) perceived fearfulness in children is associated with negative, not positive long-term outcomes;(2) caregivers are responsive to all affective behaviors, not just those perceived as fearful; and,(3) caregiver responsiveness serves to reduce perceived fearfulness.As affective scientists, we appreciate the target article’s focus on how emotions emerge within early social development and are influenced by aspects of social functioning, including cooperation. The basic premise of the article should be called into question, however, when viewed through the lens of published, empirical evidence that was underemphasized, overlooked, or misinterpreted in the article’s discussion of fearfulness in early childhood.