Fire and smoke observed from the Earth Observing System MODIS instrument - products, validation, and operational use
Fire and smoke observed from the Earth Observing System MODIS instrument - products, validation, and operational use
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DOI：
10.1080/01431160210144741
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发表时间：
2003-04-20
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Justice, CO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaufman, YJ;Ichoku, C;Justice, CO
中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)传感器于1999年底在美国国家航空航天局的Terra卫星上发射，设计了36个光谱通道，用于广泛的陆地、海洋和大气调查。MODIS具有在全球范围内观察火灾、烟雾和烧伤伤疤的独特能力。其主要火灾探测通道在高亮度温度下饱和：在4微米时为500K，在11微米时为400K，只有在极少数情况下，才能在1公里的火灾探测空间分辨率下达到。因此，与其他具有类似热和空间分辨率、但饱和温度低得多的极轨卫星传感器不同(例如，先进的甚高分辨率辐射计和沿轨道扫描辐射计)，MODIS可以区分低强度地面火灾和高强度树冠森林火灾。陆地上的烟柱浓度首次来自MODIS太阳通道，从0.41微米延伸到2.1微米。烟雾产品已在全球和区域范围内对南部非洲和中美洲和南美洲进行了临时验证。使用1.2到2.1微米的通道，即使在烟雾存在的情况下，也可以从MODIS上观察到烧伤疤痕。MODIS火区信息被用于估算热源排放。在2000年夏季发生在美国西北部的野火中，展示了这些火灾和相关产品的广泛范围和验证。正在开发MODIS快速反应系统和直接广播能力，使用户能够近乎实时地获取和生成数据。预计卫生和土地管理组织将在数据采集后2至6小时内使用这些系统监测火灾的发生和烟雾的扩散情况。
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrorachometer (MODIS) sensor, launched on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Terra satellite at the end of 1999, was designed with 36 spectral channels for a wide array of land, ocean, and atmospheric investigations. MODIS has a unique ability to observe fires, smoke, and burn scars globally. Its main fire detection channels saturate at high brightness temperatures: 500 K at 4 mum and 400 K at 11 mum, which can only be attained in rare circumstances at the 1 km fire detection spatial resolution. Thus, unlike other polar orbiting satellite sensors with similar thermal and spatial resolutions, but much lower saturation temperatures (e.g. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and Along Track Scanning Radiometer), MODIS can distinguish between low intensity ground surface fires and high intensity crown forest fires. Smoke column concentration over land is for the first time being derived from the MODIS solar channels, extending from 0.41 mum to 2.1 mum. The smoke product has been provisionally validated both globally and regionally over southern Africa and central and south America. Burn scars are observed from MODIS even in the presence of smoke, using the 1.2 to 2.1 mum channels. MODIS burned area information is used to estimate pyrogenic emissions. A wide range of these fire and related products and validation are demonstrated for the wild fires that occurred in northwestern USA in Summer 2000. The MODIS rapid response system and direct broadcast capability is being developed to enable users to obtain and generate data in near real-time. It is expected that health and land management organizations will use these systems for monitoring the occurrence of fires and the dispersion of smoke within two to six hours after data acquisition.