Guidelines for the practice of telepsychology.
Guidelines for the practice of telepsychology.
复制标题
远程心理学实践指南。
作者：
V. Albe
这些指导方针旨在解决通常称为远程心理学的心理服务提供的发展领域。为了本指南的目的，远程心理学被定义为使用电信技术提供心理服务，正如本指南的远程心理学定义部分所阐述的那样。技术在提供心理服务方面的作用不断扩大，新技术的不断发展可能对心理学实践有用，这为实践提供了独特的机会、考虑和挑战。随着技术的进步和越来越多的心理学家在他们的实践中使用技术，这些指南已经准备好教育和指导他们。这些指导方针以美国心理学会（APA）的相关标准和指导方针为依据，包括“心理学家的道德原则和行为准则”（“APA道德准则”；APA, 2002a, 2010）和“记录保存指南”（APA, 2007）。此外，APA“心理学家的多元文化培训、研究、实践和组织变革指南”（APA, 2003）的假设和原则贯穿于描述每个指南的基本原理和应用小节。因此，这些指导方针以专业理论、循证实践和定义为依据，努力为远程心理学的实践提供最佳指导。本文档中使用的术语指南指的是建议或推荐心理学家特定的专业行为、努力或行为的陈述。准则不同于标准，因为标准是强制性的，可能伴随着执行机制。因此，指导方针在意图上是有抱负的。它们旨在促进专业的持续系统发展，并帮助确保心理学家的高水平专业实践。制定指导方针是为了教育和指导心理学家的实践。它们还旨在激发辩论和研究。指南的颁布不应作为确立特定群体或心理学专业领域身份的手段；同样地，它们也不是为了排除任何心理学家在特定领域的实践而创建的”（APA, 2002b, p. 1048）。指南并非强制性的或详尽的，也可能不适用于每一个专业或临床情况。它们不是决定性的，也不打算优先于心理学家的判断”（APA, 2002b, p. 1050）。这些指导方针旨在帮助心理学家在利用电信技术作为提供专业服务的手段时应用当前的专业实践标准。它们不打算改变任何实践范围或定义任何心理学家群体的实践。远程心理学的实践包括考虑法律要求、道德标准、电信技术、机构内部和机构间政策以及其他外部限制，以及特定专业背景的要求。在某些情况下，一组考虑因素可能会建议不同于另一组的行动方案，心理学家有责任适当地平衡它们。这些指导方针旨在帮助心理学家做出这样的决定。此外，对于心理学家来说，认识到并遵守管辖范围内、跨司法管辖区和国际边界的独立实践的法律法规也很重要。在提供远程心理服务时尤其如此。如果心理学家从一个司法管辖区向位于另一个司法管辖区的客户/病人提供服务，则两个司法管辖区之间的法律和法规可能不同。此外，实践远程心理学的心理学家有责任保持和提高他们对通过电信技术提供服务相关概念的理解水平。这些指导方针中的任何内容都不打算违反基于道德标准、联邦或司法法规或法规，或在机构和公共环境中工作的心理学家对心理学家活动的任何限制。正如在所有其他情况下一样，心理学家必须意识到这一点
These guidelines are designed to address the developing area of psychological service provision commonly known as telepsychology. Telepsychology is defined, for the purpose of these guidelines, as the provision of psychological services using telecommunication technologies, as expounded in the Definition of Telepsychology section of these guidelines. The expanding role of technology in the provision of psychological services and the continuous development of new technologies that may be useful in the practice of psychology present unique opportunities, considerations, and challenges to practice. With the advancement of technology and the increased number of psychologists using technology in their practices, these guidelines have been prepared to educate and guide them. These guidelines are informed by relevant American Psychological Association (APA) standards and guidelines, including the “Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct” (“APA Ethics Code”; APA, 2002a, 2010) and the “Record Keeping Guidelines” (APA, 2007). In addition, the assumptions and principles that guide APA’s “Guidelines on Multicultural Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists” (APA, 2003) are infused throughout the Rationale and Application subsections describing each of the guidelines. Therefore, these guidelines are informed by professional theories, evidence-based practices, and definitions in an effort to offer the best guidance in the practice of telepsychology. The use of the term guidelines within this document refers to statements that suggest or recommend specific professional behaviors, endeavors, or conduct for psychologists. Guidelines differ from standards in that standards are mandatory and may be accompanied by an enforcement mechanism. Thus, guidelines are aspirational in intent. They are intended to facilitate the continued systematic development of the profession and to help ensure a high level of professional practice by psychologists. “Guidelines are created to educate and to inform the practice of psychologists. They are also intended to stimulate debate and research. Guidelines are not to be promulgated as a means of establishing the identity of a particular group or specialty area of psychology; likewise, they are not to be created with the purpose of excluding any psychologist from practicing in a particular area” (APA, 2002b, p. 1048). “Guidelines are not intended to be mandatory or exhaustive and may not be applicable to every professional or clinical situation. They are not definitive and they are not intended to take precedence over the judgment of psychologists” (APA, 2002b, p. 1050). These guidelines are meant to assist psychologists as they apply current standards of professional practice when utilizing telecommunication technologies as a means of delivering their professional services. They are not intended to change any scope of practice or define the practice of any group of psychologists. The practice of telepsychology involves consideration of legal requirements, ethical standards, telecommunication technologies, intraand interagency policies, and other external constraints, as well as the demands of the particular professional context. In some situations, one set of considerations may suggest a different course of action than another, and it is the responsibility of the psychologist to balance them appropriately. These guidelines aim to assist psychologists in making such decisions. In addition, it will be important for psychologists to be cognizant of and compliant with laws and regulations that govern independent practice within jurisdictions and across jurisdictional and international borders. This is particularly true when providing telepsychology services. Where a psychologist is providing services from one jurisdiction to a client/patient located in another jurisdiction, the law and regulations may differ between the two jurisdictions. Also, it is the responsibility of the psychologists who practice telepsychology to maintain and enhance their level of understanding of the concepts related to the delivery of services via telecommunication technologies. Nothing in these guidelines is intended to contravene any limitations set on psychologists’ activities based on ethical standards, federal or jurisdictional statutes or regulations, or for those psychologists who work in agencies and public settings. As in all other circumstances, psychologists must be aware of the stan-