Phylogeography, population dynamics, and molecular evolution of European bat lyssaviruses
Phylogeography, population dynamics, and molecular evolution of European bat lyssaviruses
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DOI：
10.1128/jvi.79.16.10487-10497.2005
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发表时间：
2005-08-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Bourhy, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davis, PL;Holmes, EC;Bourhy, H
欧洲蝙蝠狂犬病毒I型和2型（EBLV-1和EBLV-2）在欧洲广泛分布，尽管对其进化历史知之甚少。我们进行了全面的序列分析，推断选择压力，核苷酸替换率，年龄的遗传多样性，地理来源，和人口增长率的EBLV-1。我们的研究涵盖了来自12个国家的数据，收集了35年的时间跨度，并集中在糖蛋白（G）和核蛋白（N）基因。我们发现，虽然EBLV-1-EBLV-1a和EBLV-1b-的两个亚型都以低指数率增长，因为它们被引入欧洲，它们具有不同的人口结构和扩散模式。此外，在EBLV-1和EBLV-2中存在对氨基酸变化的强烈限制，如每个位点的非同义与同义取代的低比率所反映的，特别是在EBLV-1b中。我们推断EBLV-1的核苷酸替换率，每年每个位点大约5 × 10（-5）个替换，也是RNA病毒的最低记录之一，这意味着该病毒目前的遗传多样性出现在500至750年前。我们建议EBLV的缓慢进化反映了它们在蝙蝠中独特的流行病学，在那里它们占据了一个相对稳定的健身高峰。
European bat lyssaviruses types I and 2 (EBLV-1 and EBLV-2) are widespread in Europe, although little is known of their evolutionary history. We undertook a comprehensive sequence analysis to infer the selection pressures, rates of nucleotide substitution, age of genetic diversity, geographical origin, and population growth rates of EBLV-1. Our study encompassed data from 12 countries collected over a time span of 35 years and focused on the glycoprotein (G) and nucleoprotein (N) genes. We show that although the two subtypes of EBLV-1-EBLV-1a and EBLV-lb-have both grown at a low exponential rate since their introduction into Europe, they have differing population structures and dispersal patterns. Furthermore, there were strong constraints against amino acid change in both EBLV-1 and EBLV-2, as reflected in a low ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions per site, particularly in EBLV-1b. Our inferred rate of nucleotide substitution in EBLV-1, approximately 5 X 10(-5) substitutions per site per year, was also one of the lowest recorded for RNA viruses and implied that the current genetic diversity in the virus arose 500 to 750 years ago. We propose that the slow evolution of EBLVs reflects their distinctive epidemiology in bats, where they occupy a relatively stable fitness peak.