Emerging Concepts and Technologies in Vaccine Development.
Emerging Concepts and Technologies in Vaccine Development.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2020.583077
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Ly H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brisse M;Vrba SM;Kirk N;Liang Y;Ly H
尽管疫苗接种成功地极大地减轻或消除了由病原体引起的疾病的威胁，但仍然存在已知的疾病和新出现的病原体，针对这些疾病和新出现的病原体，开发针对它们的成功疫苗本质上是困难的。此外，针对免疫力低下和其他既存疾病的人的疫苗开发仍然是一个重大挑战。除了传统的灭活或减毒活疫苗、病毒载体疫苗和亚单位疫苗外，新兴的非病毒疫苗技术，例如病毒样颗粒和纳米颗粒疫苗、DNA/RNA疫苗和合理的疫苗设计，为解决现有问题提供了创新方法疫苗开发的挑战。它们还大大提高了我们对疫苗免疫学的理解，并可以指导未来许多疾病的疫苗开发，包括快速出现的传染病，如COVID-19，以及传统上无法通过疫苗接种解决的疾病，如癌症和药物滥用。本文综述了新的非病毒疫苗开发技术及其用于解决疫苗开发中最根本和最持续的挑战的综合讨论。
Despite the success of vaccination to greatly mitigate or eliminate threat of diseases caused by pathogens, there are still known diseases and emerging pathogens for which the development of successful vaccines against them is inherently difficult. In addition, vaccine development for people with compromised immunity and other pre-existing medical conditions has remained a major challenge. Besides the traditional inactivated or live attenuated, virus-vectored and subunit vaccines, emerging non-viral vaccine technologies, such as viral-like particle and nanoparticle vaccines, DNA/RNA vaccines, and rational vaccine design, offer innovative approaches to address existing challenges of vaccine development. They have also significantly advanced our understanding of vaccine immunology and can guide future vaccine development for many diseases, including rapidly emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, and diseases that have not traditionally been addressed by vaccination, such as cancers and substance abuse. This review provides an integrative discussion of new non-viral vaccine development technologies and their use to address the most fundamental and ongoing challenges of vaccine development.