Accelerating homogenization of the global plant-frugivore meta-network
Accelerating homogenization of the global plant-frugivore meta-network
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-020-2640-y
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发表时间：
2020-09-03
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Svenning, Jens-Christian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fricke, Evan C.;Svenning, Jens-Christian
物种引入对互惠种子传播网络影响的定量分析表明，引入物种正日益消除网络生物多样性的自然模式。人类对物种的引入导致物种组成跨越生物地理屏障的同质化（1-3）。引入物种的生态和进化后果源于它们对物种相互作用网络的影响（4,5），但我们对引入物种对全球生态网络及其生物地理格局的影响缺乏定量理解。在这里，我们通过分析410个本地网络的互惠种子传播相互作用来解决这一数据缺口，这些网络包括1,631种动物和3,208种植物之间的24,455种独特的配对相互作用。我们发现物种的引入减少了全球元网络的生物地理分区化，其中节点是物种，链接是在任何局部网络中观察到的相互作用。这种均质化效应跨越空间尺度，降低了本地网络之间的beta多样性和网络内部的模块化。引入的相互作用的流行与人类环境改变直接相关，并且正在加速，在过去75年中增加了7倍。这些动态改变了共生者所经历的共同进化环境(6)，我们发现引入物种与其他引入物种的相互作用不成比例。这些过程可能会在未来的生态系统中扩大生物同质化(7)，并可能通过允许扰动更快地传播和使不同的生态系统暴露于类似的驱动因素而降低生态系统的恢复能力。我们的研究结果强调了管理日益同质化的生态复杂性的重要性。
A quantitative analysis of the impact of species introductions on mutualistic seed-dispersal networks indicates that introduced species are increasingly erasing natural patterns of network biodiversity.Introductions of species by humans are causing the homogenization of species composition across biogeographic barriers(1-3). The ecological and evolutionary consequences of introduced species derive from their effects on networks of species interactions(4,5), but we lack a quantitative understanding of the impacts of introduced species on ecological networks and their biogeographic patterns globally. Here we address this data gap by analysing mutualistic seed-dispersal interactions from 410 local networks, encompassing 24,455 unique pairwise interactions between 1,631 animal and 3,208 plant species. We show that species introductions reduce biogeographic compartmentalization of the global meta-network, in which nodes are species and links are interactions observed within any local network. This homogenizing effect extends across spatial scales, decreasing beta diversity among local networks and modularity within networks. The prevalence of introduced interactions is directly related to human environmental modifications and is accelerating, having increased sevenfold over the past 75 years. These dynamics alter the coevolutionary environments that mutualists experience(6), and we find that introduced species disproportionately interact with other introduced species. These processes are likely to amplify biotic homogenization in future ecosystems(7)and may reduce the resilience of ecosystems by allowing perturbations to propagate more quickly and exposing disparate ecosystems to similar drivers. Our results highlight the importance of managing the increasing homogenization of ecological complexity.