Theory of friction and boundary lubrication
Theory of friction and boundary lubrication
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevb.48.18140
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发表时间：
1993-12
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
B. Persson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Persson
当外力作用在吸附物结构上时，该结构可以相对于基底滑动或流动。这种滑动运动背后的机制对于理解两个平坦宏观表面之间的摩擦和润滑至关重要，并且还涉及在求解流体动力学纳维-斯托克斯方程时，固液界面处的速度场应使用什么边界条件的问题。在这里，我研究了吸附结构在表面上滑动时发生的摩擦。我展示了基于朗之万或布朗运动动力学的模拟结果，其中研究了线性滑动摩擦对温度和覆盖范围的依赖性。我还提出了非线性（在外部驱动力中）滑动摩擦的结果，发现该摩擦表现出滞后现象，从而引起众所周知的“粘滑”运动现象。该理论预测，对于一类滑动系统，动摩擦系数和静摩擦系数之间的比率 ${\mathit{f}}_{\mathit{k}}$/${\mathit{f}}_{\mathit{s}}$ 应等于 1/2，与实验数据非常吻合。
When an external force acts on an adsorbate structure, the structure may slide or flow relative to the substrate. The mechanism behind this sliding motion is of fundamental importance for the understanding of friction and lubrication between two flat macroscopic surfaces, and is also related to the question of what boundary condition should be used for the velocity field at a solid-liquid interface when solving the Navier-Stokes equations of fluid dynamics. Here I study the friction which occurs when adsorbate structures slide on surfaces. I present results of simulations based on Langevin or Brownian-motion dynamics, where the dependence of the linear sliding friction on the temperature and on the coverage is studied. I also present results for the nonlinear (in the external driving force) sliding friction, which is found to exhibit hysteresis giving rise to the well-known phenomenon of ``stick-and-slip'' motion. The theory predicts that for a class of sliding systems the ratio ${\mathit{f}}_{\mathit{k}}$/${\mathit{f}}_{\mathit{s}}$ between the kinetic and the static friction coefficient should equal 1/2, in good agreement with experimental data.