Compatible and counteracting solutes and the evolution of ion and osmoregulation in fishes
Compatible and counteracting solutes and the evolution of ion and osmoregulation in fishes
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鱼类的相容性和抵消性溶质以及离子和渗透调节的演变
DOI：
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. W. Moon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Ballantyne;C. Moyes;T. W. Moon
鱼类离子和渗透调节的进化可分为三个生理阶段。第一阶段是现存盲鳗采用的策略，通过使用相容的有机溶质来减少细胞内的无机离子水平。在渗透胁迫下，有机溶质的浓度变化有助于细胞体积的调节，但细胞内和血浆的无机离子水平可能会波动。下一步是用一种可渗透的、迅速扩散的、不可代谢的有机溶质（尿素）代替一些其他相容的有机溶质。现存的软骨鱼和腔棘鱼采用这种策略。这些生物的细胞和细胞外液中维持着特定水平的甲胺，以抵消尿素的不利物理化学作用。使用这种策略的物种在渗透胁迫期间对细胞内离子水平有更大的控制。细胞内无机离子浓度降低且相对恒定。
The evolution of ion and osmoregulation in fishes can be divided into three physiological stages. The first stage is a strategy employed by extant hagfish and involved a reduction of inorganic ion levels intracellularly through the use of compatible organic solutes. During osmotic stress, the concentration of organic solutes changes to aid in cell volume regulation, but both intracellular and plasma inorganic ion levels may fluctuate. The next step involved substitution of a permeable and rapidly diffusing, nonmetabolizable organic solute (urea) for some of the other compatible organic solutes. This strategy is utilized by extant chondrichthians and the coelacanth. Specific levels of methylamines are maintained in the cells and extracellular fluids of these organisms to counteract adverse physicochemical effects of urea. Species using this strategy possess greater control of intracellular ion levels during osmotic stress. Reduced and relatively constant intracellular concentrations of inorganic ions minim...