Long-term shifts in the species composition of a coastal fish community
Long-term shifts in the species composition of a coastal fish community
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DOI：
10.1139/f08-048
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发表时间：
2008-07-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Jeffries, H. Perry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Collie, Jeremy S.;Wood, Anthony D.;Jeffries, H. Perry
为了研究沿海游泳生物群落的年代际变化，我们分析了罗得岛大学海洋学研究生院（纳拉甘塞特，罗得岛，美国）从1959年到2005年收集的25种鱼类和无脊椎动物的数据。这项每周一次的拖网调查取样两个地点：纳拉甘塞特湾和罗得岛湾。40年来，该群落逐渐从脊椎动物转向无脊椎动物，特别是自1980年以来，从底栖物种转向中上层物种。底栖物种减少，包括冬比目鱼（Pseudopleuronectes americanus），银无须鳕（Merluccius bilinearis），和红无须鳕（Urophycis chuss）;同时，温水鱼（蝴蝶鱼，Peprilus triacanthus; scup，Stenotomus chrysops）和无脊椎动物（龙虾，螃蟹，鱿鱼）随着时间的推移而增加。在1990年代，总数量达到最大值，而平均体型则下降。分类多样性随着时间的推移而增加，因为社区从鱼类转移到几个门的无脊椎动物。物种组成的变化与春夏海洋表面温度密切相关，在47年的时间序列中增加了1.6摄氏度。物种组成也与冬季北大西洋涛动指数和叶绿素浓度相关，自1970年代以来一直下降。主要由温度上升引发，这些十年的变化改变了游泳动物群落的营养结构，导致从底栖消费者到浮游消费者的转变。
To study decadal shifts in a coastal nekton community, we analyzed data on 25 fish and invertebrate species collected from 1959 to 2005 by the University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography (Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA). This weekly trawl survey samples two locations: inside Narragansett Bay and in Rhode Island Sound. Over four decades, the community has shifted progressively from vertebrates to invertebrates and, especially since 1980, from benthic to pelagic species. Demersal species that declined include winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis), and red hake (Urophycis chuss); meanwhile warm-water fish (butterfish, Peprilus triacanthus; scup, Stenotomus chrysops) and invertebrates (lobster, crab, squid) increased with time. Total numbers reached a maximum in the 1990s, while mean body size decreased. Taxonomic diversity increased over time, as the community shifted from fish to invertebrates of several phyla. The shifts in species composition correlate most strongly with spring-summer sea surface temperature, which increased 1.6 degrees C over the 47-year time series. Species composition was also correlated with the winter North Atlantic Oscillation index and chlorophyll concentration, which has declined since the 1970s. Triggered primarily by rising temperatures, these decadal changes have altered the trophic structure of the nekton community, resulting in a shift from benthic to pelagic consumers.