The extraterrestrial impact evidence at the Palaeocene–Eocene boundary and sequence of environmental change on the continental shelf

The extraterrestrial impact evidence at the Palaeocene–Eocene boundary and sequence of environmental change on the continental shelf
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古新世—始新世边界的地外撞击证据及大陆架环境变化序列

DOI:
10.1098/rsta.2017.0081
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
Physical and Engineering Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Fung, Megan K.
Fung, Megan K.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schaller, Morgan F.;Fung, Megan K.

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我们已经确定了明确的证据表明,在碳同位素漂移(CIE)的开始,定义了古新世-始新世(P-E)边界超热事件(约)的外星影响。56 Ma),从东部大西洋沿岸平原和近海的几个地点。我们审查和更新的影响在P-E边界的证据的状态,包括喷出物的K-Ar冷却年龄,这是无法区分的沉积年龄在P-E,建立喷出物层位在P-E的等深线地层指标。紧接在喷出物的峰值在沿海平原万宝路粘土单位的基础上,我们确定了木炭丰度的急剧增加与先前观察到的土壤热成因的磁性纳米粒子的急剧增加相一致。因此,我们重新审视了所观察到的事件序列,通过P-E边界上的西大西洋海岸平原,表明外星人的影响导致野火,景观剥蚀和沉积的厚万宝路粘土,其基地与球体地平线和CIE发病相吻合。的Sr/Ca比的球粒表明,负责的碳的发病可能是汽化的CaCO 3目标岩石与同位素轻碳从撞击器或其他地方混合。至关重要的是,我们并不认为这种影响是造成全球观察到的CIE全面表现的原因(从开始到恢复大约是10年前)。相反,一个快速的开始是由撞击触发的,随后是来自其他过程的额外碳,如北大西洋火成岩省的喷发。这样的情景与最近的模拟工作非常吻合,尽管它应该被更明确地重新审视。这篇文章是讨论会议议题“超高温:我们地质学过去的快速和极端全球变暖”的一部分。
We have identified clear evidence of an extraterrestrial impact within the onset of the carbon isotope excursion (CIE) that defines the Palaeocene–Eocene (P-E) boundary hyperthermal event (approx. 56 Ma) from several sites on the eastern Atlantic Coastal Plain and offshore. We review and update the state of the evidence for an impact at the P-E boundary, including a K-Ar cooling age of the ejecta that is indistinguishable from the depositional age at the P-E, which establishes the ejecta horizon as an isochronous stratigraphic indicator at the P-E. Immediately above the ejecta peak at the base of the coastal plain Marlboro Clay unit, we identify a sharp increase in charcoal abundance coincident with the previously observed dramatic increase in magnetic nanoparticles of soil pyrogenic origin. We therefore revisit the observed sequence of events through the P-E boundary on the western Atlantic Coastal Plain, showing that an extraterrestrial impact led to wildfires, landscape denudation and deposition of the thick Marlboro Clay, whose base coincides with the spherule horizon and CIE onset. The Sr/Ca ratio of the spherules indicates that the carbon responsible for the onset may be vaporized CaCO3target rock mixed with isotopically light carbon from the impactor or elsewhere. Crucially, we do not argue that the impact was responsible for the full manifestation of the CIE observed globally (onset to recovery approx. 170 kyr), rather that a rapid onset was triggered by the impact and followed by additional carbon from other processes such as the eruption of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Such a scenario agrees well with recent modelling work, though it should be revisited more explicitly.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Hyperthermals: rapid and extreme global warming in our geological past’.
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