Attractive force on atoms due to blackbody radiation
Attractive force on atoms due to blackbody radiation
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DOI：
10.1038/s41567-017-0004-9
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
19.6
通讯作者：
Mueller, Holger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haslinger, Philipp;Jaffe, Matt;Mueller, Holger
有限温度下的物体以向外的能量-动量流发射热辐射，该能量-动量流施加向外的辐射压力。在室温下，铯原子平均每108年散射的黑体辐射光子少于一个。因此，一般认为这种辐射作用在原子上的任何散射力都可以忽略不计。然而，原子也与热电磁场相干地相互作用。在这项工作中，我们测量的吸引力诱导的黑体辐射之间的铯原子和加热，厘米大小的圆柱体，这是数量级强于向外定向的辐射压力。利用原子干涉法，我们发现这个力与圆柱温度的四次方成比例。力是在良好的协议，从交流预测。热辐射场中原子基态的斯塔克位移梯度（1）。这个观测到的力在重力和辐射压力上都占主导地位，并且在很大的温度范围内都是如此。
Objects at finite temperature emit thermal radiation with an outward energy-momentum flow, which exerts an outward radiation pressure. At room temperature, a caesium atom scatters on average less than one of these blackbody radiation photons every 108 years. Thus, it is generally assumed that any scattering force exerted on atoms by such radiation is negligible. However, atoms also interact coherently with the thermal electromagnetic field. In this work, we measure an attractive force induced by blackbody radiation between a caesium atom and a heated, centimetre-sized cylinder, which is orders of magnitude stronger than the outward-directed radiation pressure. Using atom interferometry, we find that this force scales with the fourth power of the cylinder's temperature. The force is in good agreement with that predicted from an a.c. Stark shift gradient of the atomic ground state in the thermal radiation field(1). This observed force dominates over both gravity and radiation pressure, and does so for a large temperature range.