CCD readout electronics for the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph
CCD readout electronics for the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph
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适用于 Subaru Prime Focus 光谱仪的 CCD 读出电子设备
DOI：
10.1117/12.2057166
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Grant O. Peacock
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Hope;J. Gunn;C. Loomis;R. Fitzgerald;Grant O. Peacock
以下论文详细介绍了斯巴鲁望远镜主焦点摄谱仪（PFS）的CCD读出电子设备的设计。PFS旨在同时收集来自2394个物体的光谱，覆盖从380 nm到1260 nm的波长。光谱仪由四个相同的光谱仪模块组成，每个模块收集大约600个光谱。光谱仪模块通过使用三个独立的光学通道（蓝色、红色和近红外（NIR））在整个波段上提供同步波长覆盖。每个通道中的相机将多目标光谱成像到4k × 4k，15 μ m像素的检测器格式上。这两个可见光相机使用一对Hamamatsu 2k × 4k CCD，由定制电子设备提供读数，而NIR相机使用单个Teledyne HgCdTe 4k × 4k探测器和Teledyne的ASIC Sidecar来读取设备。CCD读出系统是由三个电气子系统组成的定制设计-后端电子（BEE），前端电子（FEE）和前置放大器。BEE是一台现成的PC 104计算机，带有辅助Xilinx FPGA模块。计算机作为斯巴鲁消息中心的主要接口，控制与相机相关的其他外围设备，而FPGA用于生成必要的时钟并从CCD传输图像数据。FEE板设置时钟偏置、衬底偏置和CDS偏移。它还监控偏置电压、失调电压、电源轨电压、衬底电压和CCD温度。该板将LVDS时钟信号转换为偏置时钟，并通过LVDS返回数字化模拟数据。使用标准串行接口将监控和控制消息从BEE发送到FEE。前置放大器板位于探测器后面，充当两个Hamamatsu CCD的接口。前置放大器将时钟和偏置传递到CCD，模拟CCD数据在返回到FEE之前进行缓冲和放大。在本文中，我们描述了PFS CCD读出电子的详细设计，并讨论了目前的设计状况，初步性能，并提出了改进措施。
The following paper details the design for the CCD readout electronics for the Subaru Telescope Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS). PFS is designed to gather spectra from 2394 objects simultaneously, covering wavelengths that extend from 380 nm to 1260 nm. The spectrograph is comprised of four identical spectrograph modules, each collecting roughly 600 spectra. The spectrograph modules provide simultaneous wavelength coverage over the entire band through the use of three separate optical channels: blue, red, and near infrared (NIR). A camera in each channel images the multi-object spectra onto a 4k × 4k, 15 μm pixel, detector format. The two visible cameras use a pair of Hamamatsu 2k × 4k CCDs with readout provided by custom electronics, while the NIR camera uses a single Teledyne HgCdTe 4k × 4k detector and Teledyne’s ASIC Sidecar to read the device. The CCD readout system is a custom design comprised of three electrical subsystems – the Back End Electronics (BEE), the Front End Electronics (FEE), and a Pre-amplifier. The BEE is an off-the-shelf PC104 computer, with an auxiliary Xilinx FPGA module. The computer serves as the main interface to the Subaru messaging hub and controls other peripheral devices associated with the camera, while the FPGA is used to generate the necessary clocks and transfer image data from the CCDs. The FEE board sets clock biases, substrate bias, and CDS offsets. It also monitors bias voltages, offset voltages, power rail voltage, substrate voltage and CCD temperature. The board translates LVDS clock signals to biased clocks and returns digitized analog data via LVDS. Monitoring and control messages are sent from the BEE to the FEE using a standard serial interface. The Pre-amplifier board resides behind the detectors and acts as an interface to the two Hamamatsu CCDs. The Pre-amplifier passes clocks and biases to the CCDs, and analog CCD data is buffered and amplified prior to being returned to the FEE. In this paper we describe the detailed design of the PFS CCD readout electronics and discuss current status of the design, preliminary performance, and proposed enhancements.