The practice of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) in the Tropical Andes: Evidence from program administrators
The practice of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) in the Tropical Andes: Evidence from program administrators
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101175
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发表时间：
2020-10-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Chong, Andrea Estrella
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bauchet, Jonathan;Asquith, Nigel;Chong, Andrea Estrella
生态系统服务付费的研究主要集中在生态系统服务付费的理论、设计和影响等方面，而对生态系统服务付费的实施研究较少。我们调查了18名管理员从39个活跃的PES计划在热带安第斯山脉关于他们的意见，计划的设计和实施。我们发现：（1）所有的项目都有生态和社会目标，（2）很少有项目支付现金，（3）大多数项目的主要财政支持来源是国际组织，（4）参与的障碍被认为是行为上的，而不是经济上的，（5）所有项目都存在书面条件，但很少执行。为了探索这些发现背后的“原因”，我们对该地区最大的实物保护激励计划之一的Watershared的管理人员进行了后续的关键线人采访。水资源共享的特点--双重目标、实物转让、关注非经济动机和强制执行--是其变革和可持续性理论的基础。总之，这些调查和访谈结果表明，生态系统服务费已被调整和改造，以适应不同的哲学，机构，和整个热带安第斯山脉的文化。我们的工作突出了学术界和PES从业人员之间的合作，以解决学术上推动的设计原则和实地实施之间的差距的重要性。
Studies of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) have focused on the theory, design, and impact of programs while paying less attention to program implementation. We surveyed 18 administrators from 39 active PES programs across the Tropical Andes about their views on program design and implementation. We found that (1) all programs have both ecological and social goals, (2) few programs pay cash, (3) most programs' primary source of financial support are international organizations, (4) barriers to participation are perceived as behavioral more than economic, and (5) conditionality exists on paper in all programs but is seldom enforced. To explore the "why" behind these findings, we conducted follow-up key-informant interviews with administrators of Watershared, one of the largest in-kind conservation incentives programs in the region. Watershared's characteristics - dual goals, in-kind transfers, a focus on non-economic motivations, and compliance enforcement - are fundamental to its theory of change and sustainability. Together, these survey and interview results show how PES has been adapted and reinvented to fit different philosophies, institutions, and cultures across the Tropical Andes. Our work highlights the importance of collaboration between academics and PES practitioners for addressing the disparities between academically promoted design principles and on-the-ground implementation.