Frequency-dependent reproductive success in female common lizards: a real-life hawk–dove–bully game?
Frequency-dependent reproductive success in female common lizards: a real-life hawk–dove–bully game?
复制标题
雌性普通蜥蜴的频率依赖性繁殖成功率：现实生活中的鹰-鸽子-恶霸游戏？
作者：
E. Vercken;J. Clobert;B. Sinervo
替代策略的特点是上下文相关的适应度回报，这意味着它们的适应度取决于它们与一种或多种策略相互作用的频率和性质。分析每种策略在不同社会环境中的适应度变化可以阐明策略所发挥的进化动力。在普通蜥蜴中，三种雌性颜色类型（黄色、橙色和混合）与繁殖和社会行为中的替代反应规范相关，这些反应规范标志着替代策略。为了阐明颜色特异性相互作用的本质及其对女性健康的影响，我们分析了女性生殖成功对自然种群颜色频率实验操作的反应。我们发现，所有颜色类型的幼年出生时的身体状况都受到黄色雌性的局部频率的负面影响。此外，我们发现，在橙色雌性频繁出现的种群中，混合雌性的孵化成功率更高。这些结果证明，雌性繁殖对社会环境很敏感，并且符合鹰-鸽子-欺负游戏的场景，其中黄色雌性是攻击性的鹰，橙色雌性是非攻击性的鸽子，而混合雌性则具有依赖于环境的欺凌策略。在这个系统中，塑料欺凌策略将在某些社会环境中赋予假定的杂合子生殖优势，这可以通过依赖于环境的过度优势效应来维持系统。
Alternative strategies are characterised by context-dependent fitness payoffs, which means that their fitness depends on the frequency and the nature of their interactions with one or more strategies. The analysis of the variation of the fitness of each strategy in different social environments can elucidate the evolutionary dynamics played by the strategies. In the common lizard, three female colour types (yellow, orange and mixed) are associated with alternative reaction norms in reproduction and social behaviour that signal alternative strategies. To clarify the nature of colour-specific interactions and their influence on female fitness, we analysed the response of female reproductive success to an experimental manipulation of colour frequencies in natural populations. We found that juvenile body condition at birth for all colour types was negatively affected by the local frequency of yellow females. In addition, we found that mixed females had higher clutch hatching success in the populations where orange females were frequent. These results prove that female reproduction is sensitive to the social environment, and are consistent with a scenario of a hawk–dove–bully game, in which yellow females are aggressive hawks, orange females non-aggressive doves, and mixed females have a context-dependent bully strategy. In this system, the plastic bully strategy would confer a reproductive advantage to putative heterozygotes in some social environments, which could allow the maintenance of the system through context-dependent overdominance effects.