Multiphase-flow numerical modeling of the 18 May 1980 lateral blast at Mount St. Helens, USA
Multiphase-flow numerical modeling of the 18 May 1980 lateral blast at Mount St. Helens, USA
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1980 年 5 月 18 日美国圣海伦火山横向爆炸的多相流数值模拟
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Neri
中科院分区：
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作者：
T. E. Ongaro;C. Widiwijayanti;A. Clarke;B. Voight;A. Neri
火山横向爆炸是最壮观和最具破坏性的自然现象之一，但其动力学仍然知之甚少。在此，我们调查了1980年5月18日在圣海伦斯山（美国华盛顿州）发生的最具记录和最具争议的爆炸。通过三维多相数值模拟，我们证明了由重力和地形形态控制的非定常分层火山碎屑密度流的放置可以解释爆炸锋面的传播、最终跳动和破坏。这种解释在数量上得到了圣海伦斯火山大规模观测的支持，并将影响世界范围内对有爆炸危险的火山的危险的定义和预测制图。
Volcanic lateral blasts are among the most spectacular and devastating of natural phenomena, but their dynamics are still poorly understood. Here we investigate the best documented and most controversial blast at Mount St. Helens (Washington State, United States), on 18 May 1980. By means of three-dimensional multiphase numerical simulations we demonstrate that the blast front propagation, final runout, and damage can be explained by the emplacement of an unsteady, stratified pyroclastic density current, controlled by gravity and terrain morphology. Such an interpretation is quantitatively supported by large-scale observations at Mount St. Helens and will influence the definition and predictive mapping of hazards on blast-dangerous volcanoes worldwide.