Immune and inflammatory responses in the CNS: modulation by astrocytes
Immune and inflammatory responses in the CNS: modulation by astrocytes
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DOI：
10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00324-5
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发表时间：
1998-12-28
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Aschner, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aschner, M
由于颅骨、脑脊液、血脑屏障（BBB）和脑膜有效地保护中枢神经系统免受其他组织的伤害，因此有人提出大脑是一个“免疫特权”器官。然而，最近的证据表明，在应对微生物入侵时，常驻细胞，如星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞可以完全启动免疫反应，这一长期存在的观点已经被重新思考和修正。在过去的二十年中，星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞都已显示出分泌许多细胞因子，因此，目前广泛接受的是，这些细胞积极参与CNS的常驻免疫细胞与外周免疫细胞之间的整合通讯途径。虽然清楚地涉及免疫应答的起始、维持和抑制，但由这些细胞（例如星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞）产生的细胞因子以及这些细胞对别处产生的细胞因子的应答也显示出传播CNS损伤。因此，这些细胞在神经退行性疾病中的潜在参与已经被提出并进行了大量的实验。本文综述了星形胶质细胞在免疫应答的启动和调节中所起的作用。(C)1998爱思唯尔科学爱尔兰有限公司保留所有权利。
Because the skull bones, the cerebrospinal fluid, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and the meninges effectively shield the central nervous system from other tissues, it was proposed that the brain is an 'immunologically privileged' organ. However, with recent evidence that in response to invasion by microorganisms, resident cells, such as astrocytes and microglia can fully mount an immune response, this long-standing view has been rethought and revised. Over the last two decades, both astrocytes and microglia have been shown to secrete numerous cytokines, and, therefore, it is presently widely accepted that these cells actively participate in an integrative communicative pathway between resident immune cells of the CNS and those of the periphery. While clearly implicated in the initiation, maintenance, and suppression of immune responses, cytokines produced by these cells (e.g. astrocytes and microglia), as well as the responses of these cells to cytokines produced elsewhere, has also been shown to propagate CNS damage. Therefore the potential involvement of these cells in neurodegenerative disorders has been raised and subjected to intense experimentation. The objective of this synopsis is to review the role played by astrocytes in the initiation and modulation of immune responses. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.