Are animal models predictive for humans?
Are animal models predictive for humans?
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DOI：
10.1186/1747-5341-4-2
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发表时间：
2009-01-15
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Greek J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shanks N;Greek R;Greek J
阐明科学术语的含义并对其应用进行批判性思考是科学哲学的核心目标之一。本文的重点是“预测”这一科学术语，以及是否有可靠证据表明动物模型（尤其是在毒理学和病理生理学中）可用于预测人类的结果。动物是否可用于预测人类对药物和其他化学物质的反应显然是一个有争议的问题。然而，当人们使用科学工具对动物模型进行实证分析时，会发现它们远远无法预测人类的反应。考虑到我们从进化生物学、发育生物学、基因调控与表达、表观遗传学、复杂性理论和比较基因组学等领域所了解到的情况，这并不令人惊讶。
It is one of the central aims of the philosophy of science to elucidate the meanings of scientific terms and also to think critically about their application. The focus of this essay is the scientific term predict and whether there is credible evidence that animal models, especially in toxicology and pathophysiology, can be used to predict human outcomes. Whether animals can be used to predict human response to drugs and other chemicals is apparently a contentious issue. However, when one empirically analyzes animal models using scientific tools they fall far short of being able to predict human responses. This is not surprising considering what we have learned from fields such evolutionary and developmental biology, gene regulation and expression, epigenetics, complexity theory, and comparative genomics.