The brain's default network - Anatomy, function, and relevance to disease
The brain's default network - Anatomy, function, and relevance to disease
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DOI：
10.1196/annals.1440.011
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schacter, Daniel L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buckner, Randy L.;Andrews-Hanna, Jessica R.;Schacter, Daniel L.
30年的脑成像研究汇聚在一起，定义了大脑的默认网络--一种参与内部认知模式的新颖的、最近才得到认可的大脑系统。在这里，我们综合过去的观察结果来提供强有力的证据，证明默认网络是一个特定的、解剖学上定义的大脑系统，当个人不关注外部环境时，优先活跃。对猴子的连接解剖分析支持大脑系统相互连接的存在。默认网络提供对功能的洞察，当个体从事内部集中的任务时，默认网络是活跃的，包括检索自传体记忆、展望未来和构思他人的观点。对该网络的功能解剖进行详细研究后发现，最好将其理解为多个相互作用的子系统。内侧颞叶子系统以记忆和联想的形式提供来自先前经验的信息，这些记忆和联想是心理模拟的基础。在构建自我相关心理模拟的过程中，内侧前额叶亚系统促进了这种信息的灵活使用。这两个子系统汇聚在重要的整合节点，包括后扣带回皮质。这些功能和解剖学观察的含义与默认网络的可能适应角色有关，该默认网络用于使用过去的经验来规划未来、导航社交互动，并在我们没有被外部世界以其他方式参与的情况下最大限度地利用时刻。最后，我们讨论了默认网络与理解包括自闭症、精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默病在内的精神障碍的相关性。
Thirty years of brain imaging research has converged to define the brain's default network-a novel and only recently appreciated brain system that participates in internal modes of cognition. Here we synthesize past observations to provide strong evidence that the default network is a specific, anatomically defined brain system preferentially active when individuals are not focused on the external environment. Analysis of connectional anatomy in the monkey supports the presence of an interconnected brain system. Providing insight into function, the default network is active when individuals are engaged in internally focused tasks including autobiographical memory retrieval, envisioning the future, and conceiving the perspectives of others. Probing the functional anatomy of the network in detail reveals that it is best understood as multiple interacting subsystems. The medial temporal lobe subsystem provides information from prior experiences in the form of memories and associations that are the building blocks of mental simulation. The medial prefrontal subsystem facilitates the flexible use of this information during the construction of self-relevant mental simulations. These two subsystems converge on important nodes of integration including the posterior cingulate cortex. The implications of these functional and anatomical observations are discussed in relation to possible adaptive roles of the default network for using past experiences to plan for the future, navigate social interactions, and maximize the utility of moments when we are not otherwise engaged by the external world. We conclude by discussing the relevance of the default network for understanding mental disorders including autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease.