Rule Perseveration during Task-Switching in Brain Tumor: A Severe Form of Task-Setting Impairment
Rule Perseveration during Task-Switching in Brain Tumor: A Severe Form of Task-Setting Impairment
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DOI：
10.1162/jocn_a_01674
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发表时间：
2021-08-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Vallesi, Antonino
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arbula, Sandra;Della Puppa, Alessandro;Vallesi, Antonino
有人提出，在任务切换期间至少涉及两个不同的过程：当前相关任务集的重新配置和竞争任务集产生的干扰解决。虽然在健康的人中，这两者很难分离，但它们的破坏被认为会在脑损伤患者中造成不同的损害。然而，观察到的赤字在不同的研究中是不一致的，不允许就它们的独立性得出结论。对41名脑瘤患者进行了任务转换测试。我们比较了切换和重复试验(切换成本)之间的性能，以评估规则重新配置，并比较了两个任务需要相同响应(一致)和不同响应(不一致)的试验之间的性能，以评估干扰控制。与之前的研究一致，我们发现在不一致的试验中错误比例最大，这表明干扰控制受损。然而，仔细观察两个任务规则之间的错误分布就会发现规则持久力受损：在不一致的试验中错误率高的患者通常在整个任务中只应用一个任务规则，而不太频繁地切换到另一个任务规则。多变量病变-症状图分析揭示了位于左侧眶前区和后部皮质下区域的病变与持续性评分之间的关系，以两个任务规则之间的准确度绝对差异来衡量。这一发现指出了一种更严重的任务设置障碍，不仅反映为转换缺陷，而且反映为创建多个稳定的任务表征的困难，这与最近对OFC功能的描述一致，表明OFC在表征任务状态方面发挥了关键作用。
It has been proposed that at least two distinct processes are engaged during task-switching: reconfiguration of the currently relevant task-set and interference resolution arising from the competing task-set. Whereas in healthy individuals the two are difficult to disentangle, their disruption is thought to cause different impairments in brain-damaged patients. Yet, the observed deficits are inconsistent across studies and do not allow drawing conclusions regarding their independence. Forty-one brain tumor patients were tested on a task-switching paradigm. We compared their performance between switch and repeat trials (switch cost) to assess rule reconfiguration, and between trials requiring the same response (congruent) and a different response for the two tasks (incongruent) to assess interference control. In line with previous studies, we found the greatest proportion of errors on incongruent trials, suggesting an interference control impairment. However, a closer look at the distribution of errors between two task rules revealed a rule perseveration impairment: Patients with high error rate on incongruent trials often applied only one task rule throughout the task and less frequently switched to the alternative one. Multivariate lesion-symptom mapping analysis unveiled the relationship between lesions localized in left orbitofrontal and posterior subcortical regions and perseveration scores, measured as absolute difference in accuracy between two task rules. This finding points to a more severe task-setting impairment, not reflected as a mere switching deficit, but instead as a difficulty in creating multiple stable task representations, in line with recent accounts of OFC functions suggesting its critical role in representing task states.