Changes in parrot diversity after human arrival to the Caribbean
Changes in parrot diversity after human arrival to the Caribbean
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2301128120
复制
发表时间：
2023-10-10
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
LeFebvre，Michelle J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oswald，Jessica A.;Smith，Brian Tilston;LeFebvre，Michelle J.
人类直到最近才到达世界上大多数岛屿，使岛屿成为解开自然和人为对物种多样性和分布影响的时间和程度的有利场所。在这里，我们关注加勒比地区的亚马逊鹦鹉，它们与人类有着密切的关系（例如，作为宠物以及肉和彩色羽毛的来源）。加勒比鹦鹉也有大量的化石和考古记录，跨越全新世。我们利用这一典型的记录来展示如何将古代和现代DNA与放射性测年结合起来，沿着，可以揭示多样化和灭绝动态，并回答有关该地区人类影响程度的长期问题。我们的研究结果揭示了鹦鹉多样性的惊人损失，其中大部分发生在人类占领岛屿期间。分布最广的物种是古巴鹦鹉，在整个更新世都表现出了异向分化。在这种辐射中，我们确定了一个灭绝的，遗传上不同的血统，它在特克斯和凯科斯群岛上生存，直到土著人类定居在岛上。我们还发现，分布狭窄的伊斯帕尼奥拉鹦鹉有一个自然的范围，曾经包括巴哈马;因此，它成为“特有”的伊斯帕尼奥拉岛在全新世晚期。Hispaniolan鹦鹉也可能是由土著人引入大特克和蒙特塞拉特的，这两个岛屿现在也灭绝了。我们的研究表明，跨越古生物学，考古学和现代背景的遗传信息对于了解人类在改变生物群多样性和分布方面的作用至关重要。
Humans did not arrive on most of the world’s islands until relatively recently, making islands favorable places for disentangling the timing and magnitude of natural and anthropogenic impacts on species diversity and distributions. Here, we focus onAmazonaparrots in the Caribbean, which have close relationships with humans (e.g., as pets as well as sources of meat and colorful feathers). Caribbean parrots also have substantial fossil and archaeological records that span the Holocene. We leverage this exemplary record to showcase how combining ancient and modern DNA, along with radiometric dating, can shed light on diversification and extinction dynamics and answer long-standing questions about the magnitude of human impacts in the region. Our results reveal a striking loss of parrot diversity, much of which took place during human occupation of the islands. The most widespread species, the Cuban Parrot, exhibits interisland divergences throughout the Pleistocene. Within this radiation, we identified an extinct, genetically distinct lineage that survived on the Turks and Caicos until Indigenous human settlement of the islands. We also found that the narrowly distributed Hispaniolan Parrot had a natural range that once included The Bahamas; it thus became “endemic” to Hispaniola during the late Holocene. The Hispaniolan Parrot also likely was introduced by Indigenous people to Grand Turk and Montserrat, two islands where it is now also extirpated. Our research demonstrates that genetic information spanning paleontological, archaeological, and modern contexts is essential to understand the role of humans in altering the diversity and distribution of biota.