Gender and the commercialization of university science: academic founders of spinout companies
Gender and the commercialization of university science: academic founders of spinout companies
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性别与大学科学的商业化：衍生公司的学术创始人
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Dawson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Rosa;A. Dawson
欧洲和美国对大学科学的商业化非常感兴趣，特别是从科学基地创建衍生公司。尽管对学术创业、一般女性创业以及学术机构中女性科学家代表性不足的原因进行了大量研究，但关于性别对学术创业的影响的研究却很少。这项研究利用互联网上20所领先大学的分拆公司创始人的信息，对英国大学分拆公司的女性创始人进行了研究。女性创始人的比例为12%，非常低。本文通过对21名女性创始人和一名男性对照样本的后续邮政采访，探讨了这种低代表性的原因。女学术人员在科学研究中的代表性不足是女科学家创业率低的主要因素，但不是唯一因素。由于许多领先科学部门担任高级研究职位的女性人数很少，很少有女性有机会领导衍生公司。这是一个关键因素，因为商业化的动力最初是由外部利益而不是内部对商业机会的评估激发的。外部兴趣往往针对高级学者，而这些学者在比例上大多为男性。接受调查的大多数妇女往往是有资深男同事参与的创业团队的一部分。作为一个整体，男性和女性科学企业家表现出类似的创业动机，但作为科学家的集体明显不同于非学术企业家。女科学企业家在工作与家庭生活和网络之间的冲突等领域还面临一些其他问题。
There is a great deal of interest in Europe and the USA on the commercialization of university science, particularly the creation of spinout companies from the science base. Despite considerable research on academic entrepreneurship, female entrepreneurship in general, and the causes of under-representation of female scientists in academic institutions, there has been little research on the influence of gender on academic entrepreneurship. The study researches female founders of UK university spinout companies using information from the Internet on company founders of spinout companies from 20 leading universities. The proportion of female founders at 12% is very low. The paper explores reasons for this low representation through follow-up postal interviews of the 21 female founders identified, and a male control sample. Under-representation of female academic staff in science research is the dominant but not the only factor to explain low entrepreneurial rates amongst female scientists. Owing to the low number of women in senior research positions in many leading science departments, few women had the chances to lead a spinout. This is a critical factor as much impetus for commercialization was initially inspired by external interest rather than internal evaluation of a commercial opportunity. External interest tended to target senior academics, which proportionally are mostly male. A majority of the women surveyed tended to be part of entrepreneurial teams involving senior male colleagues. As a whole both male and female science entrepreneurs displayed similar motivations to entrepreneurship, but collectively as scientists differed appreciably from non academic entrepreneurs. Women science entrepreneurs also faced some additional problems in areas such as the conflict between work and home life and networks.