Remote Sensing of Tundra Ecosystems Using High Spectral Resolution Reflectance: Opportunities and Challenges
Remote Sensing of Tundra Ecosystems Using High Spectral Resolution Reflectance: Opportunities and Challenges
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DOI：
10.1029/2021jg006697
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发表时间：
2021-11
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通讯作者：
P. Nelson;A. Maguire;Z. Pierrat;Erica L Orcutt;Dedi Yang;S. Serbin;G. Frost;M. Macander;T. Magney;D. Thompson;Jonathan A. Wang;S. Oberbauer;S. V. Zesati;S. Davidson;H. Epstein;Steven Unger;Petya K. E. Campbell;N. Carmon;M. Velez-Reyes;K. Huemmrich
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作者：
P. Nelson;A. Maguire;Z. Pierrat;Erica L Orcutt;Dedi Yang;S. Serbin;G. Frost;M. Macander;T. Magney;D. Thompson;Jonathan A. Wang;S. Oberbauer;S. V. Zesati;S. Davidson;H. Epstein;Steven Unger;Petya K. E. Campbell;N. Carmon;M. Velez-Reyes;K. Huemmrich
通过遥感平台观测地球广大地区的环境提供了测量生态动态的工具。北极苔原生物群落是地球上最大的难以进入的陆地生物群落之一，需要跨多个空间和时间尺度的遥感，从塔到卫星，特别是那些配备成像光谱 (IS) 的卫星。我们描述了使用 IS 的理由，该理由源于我们对北极苔原植被群落及其与环境相互作用的理解的进展。为了最好地利用正在进行和即将推出的 IS 资源，包括美国国家航空航天局的表面生物学和地质任务，我们根据内在光谱维度分析以及对说明北极苔原生物群系独特属性的当前数据和文献的回顾，确定了一系列机遇和挑战。这些机遇和挑战包括主题植被测绘，由于低矮植物和非常精细的表面组成异质性而变得复杂；开发用于检索冠层和叶子特征的可扩展算法；植被生长和成分的细微变化使长期趋势的检测变得复杂；短暂的生长季节中快速的物候变化可能由于重访频率低而未被发现，或者被积雪和云层遮挡。我们建议改进未来的实地活动和卫星任务，倡导结合多尺度光谱学的研究，从实验室研究到能够进行频繁和连续长期监测的卫星，为植被动态建模的统计和生物物理方法提供信息。
Observing the environment in the vast regions of Earth through remote sensing platforms provides the tools to measure ecological dynamics. The Arctic tundra biome, one of the largest inaccessible terrestrial biomes on Earth, requires remote sensing across multiple spatial and temporal scales, from towers to satellites, particularly those equipped for imaging spectroscopy (IS). We describe a rationale for using IS derived from advances in our understanding of Arctic tundra vegetation communities and their interaction with the environment. To best leverage ongoing and forthcoming IS resources, including National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Surface Biology and Geology mission, we identify a series of opportunities and challenges based on intrinsic spectral dimensionality analysis and a review of current data and literature that illustrates the unique attributes of the Arctic tundra biome. These opportunities and challenges include thematic vegetation mapping, complicated by low‐stature plants and very fine‐scale surface composition heterogeneity; development of scalable algorithms for retrieval of canopy and leaf traits; nuanced variation in vegetation growth and composition that complicates detection of long‐term trends; and rapid phenological changes across brief growing seasons that may go undetected due to low revisit frequency or be obscured by snow cover and clouds. We recommend improvements to future field campaigns and satellite missions, advocating for research that combines multi‐scale spectroscopy, from lab studies to satellites that enable frequent and continuous long‐term monitoring, to inform statistical and biophysical approaches to model vegetation dynamics.