Nonmuscle myosin II moves in new directions
Nonmuscle myosin II moves in new directions
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DOI：
10.1242/jcs.007112
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Adelstein, Robert S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Conti, Mary Anne;Adelstein, Robert S.
多年来，肌动球蛋白细胞骨架在许多基本细胞过程中的作用的分析集中在肌动蛋白上。然而，越来越多的研究人员正在研究与肌动蛋白接近的蛋白质，特别是非肌肉肌球蛋白II（NMII）。最近的实验增加了我们对NMII在三个相关细胞活动中的作用的理解：细胞极性的产生，细胞迁移和细胞-细胞粘附。由于使用了新的显微镜、遗传和生物化学技术，进展特别有希望。在哺乳动物系统中，转基因小鼠的产生和特异性siRNA的引入已用于破译匪II的三种不同同种型的作用：匪IIA、匪IIB和匪IIC。在果蝇和果蝇中的研究，这是调查NMII功能的信息模型系统，也揭示了NMII。最近的工作研究了收缩和结构的作用，NMII在细胞-细胞边界发挥作用，其收缩和肌动蛋白交联作用的细胞迁移。此外，NMII还可以作为支架分子、锚定信号分子，如激酶和Rho GT3鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子。
For many years, analyses of the role of the actomyosin cytoskeleton in many basic cellular processes have centered on actin. Increasingly, however, a number of investigators are examining proteins that are proximal to actin; in particular, nonmuscle myosin II (NMII). Recent experiments have increased our understanding of the role of NMII in three related cellular activities: generation of cell polarity, cell migration and cell-cell adhesion. Progress has been particularly promising thanks to the use of new microscopic, genetic and biochemical techniques. In mammalian systems, generation of transgenic mice and the introduction of specific siRNAs have been useful in deciphering the role of the three different isoforms of NMII: NMIIA, NMIIB and NMIIC. Studies in Drosophila and Aplysia, which are informative model systems for investigating the function of NMII, have also shed light on NMII. Recent work examines the contractile and structural roles that NMII plays at cell-cell boundaries, and both its contractile and actin-crosslinking roles in cell migration. In addition, NMII might also function as a scaffold molecule, anchoring signaling molecules, such as kinases and Rho GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factors.