Family planning clinic services in the United States: Patterns and trends in the late 1990s
Family planning clinic services in the United States: Patterns and trends in the late 1990s
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DOI：
10.2307/2673767
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发表时间：
2001-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Audam, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Frost, JJ;Ranjit, N;Audam, S
背景：公共资助的计划生育诊所是数百万美国妇女避孕和生殖保健的重要来源。定期评估诊所的数量和类型以及它们所服务的避孕客户的数量是很重要的。方法：对1997年美国提供公费计划生育服务的机构和诊所的服务数据进行统计，并将各机构、诊所和女性避孕服务客户的数量按不同特点制成表格，并与1994年的类似数据进行比较。最后，根据可能提供计划生育护理的计划生育诊所和私人医生的存在以及所服务的女性避孕客户人数与需要公共资助护理的妇女人数的比较，将县数据制成表格。结果：1997年，3117个机构在7206个诊所点提供公共资助的避孕服务。40%的诊所由卫生部门管理，21%由社区卫生中心管理，13%由计划生育附属机构管理，26%由医院或其他机构管理。总体而言，59%的诊所获得了第十条的资助。各机构平均开设2.3个诊所，诊所每年平均为910名避孕客户提供服务。总共，诊所向660万妇女提供了避孕服务，估计每五名妇女中就有两名需要公共资助的避孕护理。1994年至1997年期间，服务提供者总数和接受服务的妇女总数保持稳定；然而，在地方一级，诊所的流动率很高。大约85%的美国县有一个或多个公共资助的计划生育诊所；36%的人有一个或多个诊所，但没有私人妇产科医生。结论：公共资助的计划生育诊所在美国广泛分布，并继续为数百万美国妇女提供避孕护理。诊所有时是农村妇女获得计划生育专业护理的唯一来源。然而，诊所的高转换率和诊所数量缺乏显著增长表明，有限的资金和不断上升的成本阻碍了诊所网络的进一步扩展和延伸到新的地理区域和难以接触的人群。
Context: Publicly funded family planning clinics are a vital source of contraceptive and reproductive health care for millions of U.S, women. If is important periodically to assess the number and type of clinics and the number of contraceptive clients they serve.Methods: Service data were requested for agencies and clinics providing publicly funded family planning services in the United States in 1997 The numbers of agencies, clinics and female contraceptive clients were tabulated according to various characteristics and were compared with similar data for 1994. Finally, county data were tabulated according to the presence of family planning clinics and private physicians likely to provide family planning care and according to the number of female contraceptive clients served compared with the number of women needing publicly funded care.Results: In 1997, 3,117 agencies offered publicly funded contraceptive services at 7,206 clinic sites. Forty percent of clinics were run by health departments, 21% by community health centers, 13% by Planned Parenthood affiliates and 26% by hospitals or other agencies. Overall, 59% of clinics received Title X funding. Agencies operated an average of 2.3 clinics, and clinics served an average of 910 contraceptive clients per year. Altogether, clinics provided contraceptive services to 6.6 million women-approximately two of every five women estimated to need publicly funded contraceptive care. The total number of providers and the total number of women served remained stable between 1994 and 1997; at the local level, however, clinic turnover was high. Some 85% of all U.S. counties had one or more publicly funded family planning clinics; 36% had one or more clinics, but no private obstetrician-gynecologist.Conclusions: Publicly funded family planning clinics are distributed widely throughout the United States and continue to provide contraceptive care to millions of U.S. women. Clinics are sometimes the only source of specialized family planning care available to women in rural counties. However, the high rate of clinic turnover and the lack of significant growth in clinic numbers suggest that limited funding and rising costs have hindered the further expansion and outreach of the clinic network to new geographic areas and hard-to-reach populations.