Neurotransmitters in key neurons of the hypothalamus that regulate feeding behavior and body weight
Neurotransmitters in key neurons of the hypothalamus that regulate feeding behavior and body weight
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DOI：
10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.05.021
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发表时间：
2007-09-10
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Meister, Bjorn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Meister, Bjorn
在过去的二十年里，人们的注意力集中在不同神经肽在下丘脑控制摄食行为中的作用上。在弓状核和/或下丘脑外侧区的神经元胞体中产生了几种参与控制摄食行为的下丘脑肽。这些神经元除了产生具有肽能性质的食欲性或厌食性化合物外，还产生兴奋性和抑制性氨基酸类神经递质。与神经肽相比，GABA和谷氨酸在调节能量平衡中的作用受到的关注较少。弓状核-正中隆起区是一个血脑屏障较弱的区域，至少包含两个对能量平衡起相反作用的神经细胞群。大多数位于弓状核腹内侧的神经元产生食欲肽神经肽Y(NPY)和刺鼠相关肽(AGRP)，此外还含有GABA合成酶谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)和囊泡性GABA转运体(VGAT)，从而支持其GABA能性质。一些产生前阿片黑素皮质素原(POMC)和可卡因和苯丙胺调节转录本(CART)的神经元位于弓状核的腹外侧部，最近报道含有谷氨酸能神经元的标志物囊泡性谷氨酸转运体2(VGLUT2)和乙酰胆碱(ACh)合成酶胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)以及囊泡性ACh转运体(Vacht)，也支持胆碱能表型。在下丘脑外侧区，下丘脑下丘脑区的下丘脑/食欲素神经元表达VGLUT1或VGLUT2，但不表达GAD，而一些黑素浓缩激素(MCH)细胞含有GAD。这些观察结果支持这样一种观点，即在调节体重的关键神经元中存在几种经典的递质，它们是相对被忽视的摄食递质候选者，因此可能是重要的食欲/厌食介质，将信息传递到下丘脑内的其他神经元，以及从下丘脑到参与能量平衡调节的其他脑区。(C)2007 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
During the last two decades attention has been focussed on the role of different neuropeptides in hypothalamic control of feeding behavior. Several hypothalamic peptides that participate in the control of ingestive behavior are produced in neuronal cell bodies of the arcuate nucleus and/ or the lateral hypothalamic area. Apart from producing orexigenic or anorexigenic compounds of peptidergic nature, these neurons also produce excitatory and inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters. The role of GABA and glutamate in regulating energy balance has received less attention in comparison to neuropeptides. The arcuate nucleus-median eminence area, a region with a weak blood-brain barrier, contains at least two neuronal cell populations that exert opposing actions on energy balance. The majority of the neurons located in the ventromedial aspect of the arcuate nucleus, which produce the orexigenic peptides neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AGRP), contain in addition the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT), thereby supporting their GABAergic nature. Some neurons producing pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)- and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), located in the ventrolateral division of the arcuate nucleus have recently been reported to contain the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2), a marker for glutamatergic neurons, and the acetylcholine (ACh) synthesizing enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) as well as the vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT), supporting also a cholinergic phenotype. In the lateral hypothalamic area, hypocretin/orexin neurons express VGLUT1 or VGLUT2, but not GAD, whereas some melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) cells contain GAD. These observations support the view that several classical transmitters, relatively neglected feeding transmitters candidates, are present in key neurons that regulate body weight and consequently may represent important orexigenic/anorexigenic mediators that convey information to other neurons within the hypothalamus as well as from the hypothalamus to other brain regions that participate in regulation of energy balance. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.