Body odors (even when masked) make you more emotional: behavioral and neural insights
Body odors (even when masked) make you more emotional: behavioral and neural insights
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/s41598-019-41937-0
复制
发表时间：
2019-04-02
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Parma, Valentina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cecchetto, Cinzia;Lancini, Elisa;Parma, Valentina
道德是在特定的社会背景下进化而来的，这些社会背景被认为是为了塑造道德选择。反过来，道德选择被认为会受到体味的影响，因为它们有力地传达了与社会相关的信息。因此，我们调查了体味对参与者决策可能产生的影响的神经基础。在一项功能磁共振研究中，我们向健康人呈现了的道德困境，分为不一致(真实)和一致(虚假)道德困境，使用不同类型的伤害(故意：工具性困境，或无意：偶然困境)。参与者被要求在暴露于中性香水(遮蔽物)或被相同遮蔽物掩盖的体味(遮盖物体味)的情况下选择本体论I或功利性行为。在处理不一致(不一致)的两难境地时闻到蒙面的体味会激活缘上回，这与亲社会态度的增加是一致的。当处理偶然的(不是工具性的)困境时，闻到蒙面的体味会激活角回，这是一个与处理人的存在相关的区域，支持了这样的假设，即体味在道德情景中增强了社会背景的显着性。这些结果表明，蒙面体味可以通过增加决策过程中的情感体验来影响道德选择，并进一步解释了感觉无意识偏差如何影响人类行为。
Morality evolved within specific social contexts that are argued to shape moral choices. In turn, moral choices are hypothesized to be affected by body odors as they powerfully convey socially-relevant information. We thus investigated the neural underpinnings of the possible body odors effect on the participants' decisions. In an fMRI study we presented to healthy individuals 64 moral dilemmas divided in incongruent (real) and congruent (fake) moral dilemmas, using different types of harm (intentional: instrumental dilemmas, or inadvertent: accidental dilemmas). Participants were required to choose deontologica I or utilitarian actions under the exposure to a neutral fragrance (masker) or body odors concealed by the same masker (masked body odor). Smelling the masked body odor while processing incongruent (not congruent) dilemmas activates the supramarginal gyrus, consistent with an increase in prosocia I attitude. When processing accidental (not instrumental) dilemmas, smelling the masked body odor activates the angular gyrus, an area associated with the processing of people's presence, supporting the hypothesis that body odors enhance the saliency of the social context in moral scenarios. These results suggest that masked body odors can influence moral choices by increasing the emotional experience during the decision process, and further explain how sensory unconscious biases affect human behavior.