The envenomation syndrome caused by the Australian Red-bellied Black Snake Pseudechis porphyriacus
The envenomation syndrome caused by the Australian Red-bellied Black Snake Pseudechis porphyriacus
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DOI：
10.1016/s0041-0101(00)00102-1
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发表时间：
2000-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Richardson, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pearn, J;McGuire, B;Richardson, P
澳大利亚的眼镜蛇注射毒液，这是每个物种的特征，并导致特征和特定的毒液中毒综合征的人蛇咬伤的受害者。由于许多具有医学意义的澳大利亚眼镜蛇看起来很相似，当被蛇咬伤的受害者在野外瞥见时，用安全的物种识别来定义人类毒液蛰入综合征是一个缓慢的过程。安全识别的物种与它们产生的人类毒液中毒综合症之间的相关性仍在不断发展。伪蛇属是澳大利亚分布最广的危险的澳大利亚眼镜蛇属;而红腹黑蛇P. porphiriacus是第一个被描述和说明的陆地澳大利亚眼镜蛇，也是第一个被实验研究的对象。我们在这里提出了五个以前未报告的情况下，人类envenomation的物种诊断是安全的。从这些和选定的文献综述的角度来看，我们描述了这个物种的全envenomation综合征。直到1979年英联邦血清实验室的毒液检测试剂盒的发展和安全识别物种的受害者的偶尔病例报告，大多数澳大利亚蛇类的毒液综合征仍然不确定，因为缺乏专业知识来识别所涉及的物种。卟啉单胞菌毒液蛰入综合征的症状包括咬伤部位疼痛、恶心和呕吐、全身性皮炎。胸痛、虚脱、味觉和嗅觉异常。症状包括咬伤部位组织的局部坏死和疤痕，周围组织的严重炎症，至少在一个病例中，癫痫。虽然红腹黑蛇的毒刺对成年人并不致命，但正确的治疗方法是使用虎蛇抗蛇毒血清，并考虑到对该物种特定毒刺综合征的了解和受害者的临床状况。(C)2000爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
The Australian elapids inject venom which is characteristic of each species; and which cause characteristic and specific envenomation syndromes in human victims of snakebite. Because many of the medically significant Australian elapids look similar, when glimpsed in the field by snakebite victims, defining human envenomation syndromes with secure species identification has been a slow process. Correlations between securely identified species and the human envenomation syndromes which they produce are still evolving. The genus Pseudechis is the most widespread in Australia of the dangerous Australian elapid genera; and P. porphyriacus, the Red-bellied Black Snake, was the first terrestrial Australian elapid to be described and illustrated and the first to be the subject of experimental study. We present here five previously unreported cases of human envenomation in which the species diagnosis is secure. From these and with the perspective of a selected literature review, we describe the full envenomation syndrome of this species. Until the development of the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories' Venom Detection Kit in 1979 and the occasional case report of victims of securely identified species, envenomation syndromes for most Australian snake species have remained indeterminate, because of the lack of professional expertise in the identification of the species involved. Symptoms of the P. porphyriacus envenomation syndrome include those of bite-site pain, nausea and vomiting, generalised pruritis. chest pain, prostration and abnormalities of taste and smell. Signs include local necrosis and scarring of tissue at the bite-site, gross inflammation of surrounding tissues and, at least in one case, epilepsy. Although envenomation by the Red-bellied Black Snake is not lethal in adults, the correct therapy is Tiger Snake antivenom, administered with judgement, taking into account knowledge of the specific envenomation syndrome of this species and the clinical status of the victim. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.