The effects of neighborhood density and street connectivity on walking behavior: the Twin Cities walking study.
The effects of neighborhood density and street connectivity on walking behavior: the Twin Cities walking study.
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DOI：
10.1186/1742-5573-4-16
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发表时间：
2007-12-13
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schmitz, Kathryn H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oakes, J Michael;Forsyth, Ann;Schmitz, Kathryn H
越来越多的健康和政策研究表明，居民区密度和街道连通性影响步行和总体力活动，这两者都是肥胖和相关慢性疾病的重要风险因素。作者报告了他们方法新颖的双城步行研究的结果;一项多层次的研究，研究了建筑环境，步行行为和总体力活动之间的关系。为了最大限度地提高邻里水平的变化，同时保持居民主题的交流，调查人员抽样716名成年人嵌套在36个随机选择的社区在四个层次上定义的密度和街道连通性匹配的抽样设计。结果测量包括两种类型的自我报告步行（来自调查和日记）和所谓的客观7天加速度测量。虽然所有结果的粗差都很明显，但调整后的影响显示，在高密度地区旅行步行的几率增加，在低连通性地区休闲步行的几率增加，但密度和街道连通性都与每天步行的总平均英里数或增加的总体力活动无关。与先前的研究相反，作者得出结论，密度和街区大小对总步行和身体活动的影响是适度的，甚至不存在，如果不是与假设相反的话。不同的结果归因于本研究的抽样设计，这往往会减轻社会经济地位的残余混杂。
A growing body of health and policy research suggests residential neighborhood density and street connectivity affect walking and total physical activity, both of which are important risk factors for obesity and related chronic diseases. The authors report results from their methodologically novel Twin Cities Walking Study; a multilevel study which examined the relationship between built environments, walking behavior and total physical activity. In order to maximize neighborhood-level variation while maintaining the exchangeability of resident-subjects, investigators sampled 716 adult persons nested in 36 randomly selected neighborhoods across four strata defined on density and street-connectivity - a matched sampling design. Outcome measures include two types of self-reported walking (from surveys and diaries) and so-called objective 7-day accelerometry measures. While crude differences are evident across all outcomes, adjusted effects show increased odds of travel walking in higher-density areas and increased odds of leisure walking in low-connectivity areas, but neither density nor street connectivity are meaningfully related to overall mean miles walked per day or increased total physical activity. Contrary to prior research, the authors conclude that the effects of density and block size on total walking and physical activity are modest to non-existent, if not contrapositive to hypotheses. Divergent findings are attributed to this study's sampling design, which tends to mitigate residual confounding by socioeconomic status.