Improving memory in old age through implicit self-stereotyping
Improving memory in old age through implicit self-stereotyping
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.71.6.1092
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发表时间：
1996-12-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Levy, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levy, B
本研究表明，潜意识激活的刻板印象可以改变对自己的判断，从而改变认知表现。在第一项研究中，在被试没有意识到的情况下激活衰老的积极刻板印象的干预倾向于提高老年人的记忆表现、记忆自我效能和衰老观；相反，激活衰老的负面刻板印象的干预往往会使老年参与者的记忆表现、记忆自我效能和对衰老的看法恶化。第二项研究表明，由于刻板印象的转变产生了强烈的影响，刻板印象必须对一个人的自我形象很重要：在第一项研究中，被随机分配到与老年参与者相同条件下的年轻人没有表现出老年参与者之间出现的任何重要互动。这项研究强调，当主导美国文化的对衰老的负面刻板印象转变为更积极的刻板印象时，老年人的记忆力可能会得到改善。
This research demonstrates-that subliminally activated stereotypes can alter judgments about oneself and bn change cognitive performance. In the first study, an intervention that activated positive stereotypes of aging without the participants' awareness tended to improve memory performance, memory self-efficacy, and views of aging in old individuals; in contrast, an intervention that activated negative stereotypes of aging tended to worsen memory performance, memory self-efficacy, and views of aging in old participants. A second study demonstrated that for the strong effects to emerge from the shifting stereotypes, the stereotypes must be important to one's self-image: Young individuals randomly assigned to the same conditions as the old participants in the first study did not exhibit any of the significant interactions that emerged among the old participants. This research highlights the potential for memory improvement in old individuals when the negative stereotypes of aging that dominate the American culture are shifted to more positive stereotypes.