Decline in beetle abundance and diversity in an intact temperate forest linked to climate warming
Decline in beetle abundance and diversity in an intact temperate forest linked to climate warming
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108219
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Holmes, Richard T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Harris, Jennifer E.;Rodenhouse, Nicholas L.;Holmes, Richard T.
世界上许多地区的昆虫数量都在下降，但这些下降的原因很少清楚。本文报道了近45年来北方大片完整阔叶林中鞘翅目（甲虫）类群的丰度和多样性急剧下降，并提供了支持冬季变暖是主要原因的证据。1973-1977年和2015-2017年，在新罕布什尔州哈伯德布鲁克实验森林的相同地点，使用相同的方法（窗口陷阱）对甲虫进行了采样。45年间，每48 h捕获的甲虫平均（+/- SE）数从23.2（+/- 3.89）下降到3.9(+/- 1.19)，下降了83%。捕获的甲虫类群数量减少了39%，有19个甲虫科完全消失。当气候最温暖时，甲虫捕获率最低。2016-2017年低、中、高海拔地区（海拔分别为320、540和810 m）的甲虫捕获率在气候最温暖的低海拔地区最低。最重要的是，在前一个冬季积雪较少的冬季，甲虫捕获率显著降低，这表明北方阔叶林的积雪对维持甲虫群落至关重要。这些结果表明，额外的气候变暖可能会进一步减少居住在森林地面的甲虫和其他节肢动物的丰度和多样性，潜在地影响分解和碳储存等关键生态系统过程。
Insect abundances are declining in many areas around the world, but the causes of those declines are seldom clear. Here we report a dramatic decline in the abundance and diversity of Coleoptera (beetle) taxa in a large tract of intact northern hardwood forest during the last 45 years, and provide evidence supporting winter warming as the primary cause. Beetles were sampled using the same method (window traps) and in the same locations within the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, in 1973-1977 and again in 2015-2017. The mean (+/- SE) number of beetles captured per 48-h fell from 23.2 (+/- 3.89) to 3.9 (+/- 1.19), a decline of 83% over this 45-year period. The number of beetle taxa captured decreased by 39%, with 19 beetle families disappearing entirely. Beetle capture rate was least when and where climate was warmest. Capture rate was significantly lower in the 2010s when mean daily temperature was about 1.8 degrees C warmer, and sampling during 2016-2017 at low, mid and high elevations (320, 540, and 810 m asl, respectively) revealed lowest beetle captures at low elevation where climate was warmest. Most importantly, beetle capture rate was significantly lower after winters with less snow cover during the previous winter, indicating that snow cover in northern hardwood forest is essential for sustaining the beetle community. These results imply that additional climate warming might further reduce the abundance and diversity of beetles and other arthropods inhabiting the forest-floor, potentially affecting critical ecosystem processes such as decomposition and carbon storage.